Perfil da distribuição da contracepção de emergência para adolescentes em municípios do Estado de São Paulo

Autores

  • Regina Figueiredo Department of Health of São Paulo; Institute of Health
  • Silvia Bastos Department of Health of São Paulo; Institute of Health
  • Joyce Lenz Telles University of Londrina; Nurse Specialist in Family Health

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.20058

Palavras-chave:

gestão em saúde, planejamento familiar, anticoncepção, adolescente, anticoncepcionais hormonais pós-coito, contracepção de emergência

Resumo

Descreve-se a postura adotada por municípios do estado de São Paulo que receberam lotes de contracepção de emergência do Ministério da Saúde em 2005 e 2006, com relação à entrega para adolescentes. Utilizando levantamento quantitativo, realizado com questionários semi-estruturados enviados por e-mail às secretarias municipais de saúde, foram examinados: fluxos, serviços e profissionais de saúde envolvidos e critérios de dispensa. Do total, 91,0% responderam à pesquisa, demonstrando que 85,4% iniciaram a oferta do método para adolescentes menores de 18 anos, principalmente em prontos socorros (69,1%). Em unidades básicas tradicionais e de saúde da família houve menor integração, 65,3% e 37,6%, respectivamente, e em serviços especiais de atenção a adolescentes, apenas 31,9% municípios ofertam (percentagens não excludentes). A entrega, geralmente, é feita por médicos e/ou enfermeiros, porém 30% sub-utiliza o potencial da enfermagem. Atende-se, fundamentalmente, os casos de violência sexual e, excluído-se esse evento, há queda de 10 a 30 pontos percentuais no fornecimento em casos de falha ou não uso de contraceptivo regular. Conclui-se que há seletividade na dispensa método, baixa oferta na Atenção Básica, não facilitando acesso de adolescentes nas situações de risco gravídico mais recorrentes em seu cotidiano, contrariando orientações do Ministério da Saúde. Essa postura está ligada à falta de atualização sobre legislações e normas federais vigentes quanto à Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva deste público, pelo desconhecimento do mecanismo de ação do método (por vezes, identificado como perigoso ou abortivo) e por preconceitos quanto à prática sexual adolescente, provocando a aquisição em farmácias e usos errôneos.

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Publicado

2012-04-01

Edição

Seção

Pesquisa Original