Profiling the physicochemical and solid state properties of edible Tetracarpidium conophorum oil and its admixtures for drug delivery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e191133%20%20Palavras-chave:
Tetracarpidium conophorum oil, Softisan®154, Lipids, Nutritional, Physicochemical, Drug deliveryResumo
The study is aimed at investigating the functional physicochemical and solid state characteristics of food-grade Tetracarpidium conophorum (T. conophorum) oil for possible application in the pharmaceutical industry for drug delivery. The oil was obtained by cold hexane extraction and its physicochemical properties including viscosity, pH, peroxide, acid, and thiobarbituric acid values, nutrient content, and fatty acid profile were determined. Admixtures of the oil with Softisan®154, a hydrogenated solid lipid from palm oil, were prepared to obtain matrices which were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffractometry. Data from the study showed that T. conophorum oil had Newtonian flow behaviour, acidic pH, insignificant presence of hyperperoxides and malondialdehyde, contains minerals including calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, iron, selenium, and potassium, vitamins including niacin (B3), thiamine (B1), cyanocobalamine (B12), ascorbic acid (C), and tocopherol (E), and long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids including n-hexadecanoic acid, 9(Z)-octadecenoic acid, and cis-13-octadecenoic acid. The lipid matrices had low crystallinity and enthalpy values with increased amorphicity, and showed no destructive intermolecular interaction or incompatibility between T. conophorum oil and Softisan® 154. In conclusion, the results have shown that, in addition to T. conophorum oil being useful as food, it will also be an important excipient for the development of novel, safe, and effective lipid-based drug delivery systems.
Downloads
Referências
Ajayi IA. Physicochemical attributes of oils from seeds of different plants in Nigeria. Bull Chem Soc Ethiopia. 2010;24(1):145-9
Aladeokin AC, Umukoro S. Psychopharmacological properties of an aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum Hutch. & Dalziel in mice. J Nat Med. 2011;65:411-16
Amaeze OU, Ayoola GA, Sofidiya MO, Adepoju-Bello AA, Adegoke AO, Coker HAB. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Tetracarpidium conophorum (Müll. Arg) Hutch & Dalziel leaves. Oxid Med Cell Long. 2011;2011:976701
Aparna V, Dileep KV, Mandal PK, Karthe P, Sadasivan C, Haridas M. Anti-inflammatory property of n-hexadecanoic acid: structural evidence and kinetic assessment. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2012;80(3):3:434-9
Babalola FD. Marketing of African walnut [Tetracarpidium conophorum Mull, (Arg)] in South-West Nigeria: Production issues and contributions to stakeholders. J Agri Sci Technol B. 2011;1:523-31
Barkatullah MI, Abdur R, Ur-Rahman I. Physicochemical characterization of essential and fixed oils of Skimmia laureola and Zanthoxylum armatum. Middle-East J Med Plants Res. 2012; 1(3):51-58
Di Nicolantonio JJ, O’Keefe JH. Effects of dietary fats on blood lipids: a review of direct comparison trials. Open Heart. 2018;5(2):e000871
Djikeng FT, Selle E, Morfor AT, Tiencheu B, Touko BAH, Boungo GT, et al. Effect of Boiling and roasting on lipid quality, proximate composition, and mineral content of walnut seeds (Tetracarpidium conophorum) produced and commercialized in Kumba, South-West Region Cameroon. Food Sci Nutri. 2018;6(2):417-423
Egbuonu ACC, Aguguesi RG, Samuel R, Ojunkwu O, Onyenmeri F, Uzuegbu U. Some physicochemical properties of the petroleum ether-extracted watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed oil. Asian J Sci Res. 2015;8(4):519-25
Goon DE, Kadir SHSA, Latip NA, Rahim SA, Mazlan M. Palm oil in lipid-based formulations and drug delivery systems. Biomol. 2019;9(2):64
Gupta D, Kumar M. Evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial potential and GC-MS analysis of Camellia sinensis and Terminalia arjuna. Biotechnol Rep. 2017;13:19-25
Kenechukwu FC, Attama AA, Ibezim EC, Nnamani PO, Umeyor CE, Uronnachi EM. Surface-modified mucoadhesive microgels as a controlled release system for miconazole nitrate to improve localized treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;111:358-75
Kirk RS, Sawyer R. Pearson's Composition and Analysis of Foods. Fourth ed., Longman, England, 1991
Nkwonta CG, Medina A, Alamar MC, Terry LA. Impact of postharvest processing on the fungal population contaminating African walnut shells (Tetracarpidium conophorum Mull. Arg) at different maturity stages and potential mycotoxigenic implications. Int J Food Microbiol. 2015;194:15-20
Obitte NC, Zorn K, Oroz-Guinea I, Bornscheuer UT, Klein S. Enzymatically modified shea butter and palm kernel oil as potential lipid drug delivery matrices. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 2018;120(4):1700332
Pawan KP, Singh SK, Handa V, Kathuria H. Oleic acid nanovesicles of minoxidil for enhanced follicular delivery. Medicine. 2018;5(3):103
Ravi L, Krishnan K. Cytotoxic potential of n-hexadecanoic acid extracted from Kigelia pinnata leaves, Asian J Cell Biol. 2017;12(1):20-27
Uhunmwangho SE, Omoregie SE. Changes in lipid profile and fatty acid composition during the development of African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) seeds. World Appl Scis J. 2017;35(7):1174-79
Umeyor C, Anaka E, Kenechukwu F, Agbo C, Attama A. Development, in vitro and in vivo evaluations of novel lipid drug delivery system of Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.). Nanobiomedicine. 2016;3:1-17
United States Pharmacopoeial Convention. Chemical tests: Fats and fixed oils. USP 40, 401, 2017.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2022 Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content of the journal, except where identified, is licensed under a Creative Commons attribution-type BY.
The on line journal has open and free access.
