Tyramine exerts hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects in vivo

Authors

  • Tiago Lima Sampaio Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-6508
  • Tiago Sousa Melo Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
  • Thamires Maria Fontenele Morais Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
  • Ramon Róseo Paula Pessoa Bezerra de Menezes Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-9683
  • Mariana Brito Dantas Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
  • Jamile Magalhães Ferreira Institute of Health Sciences, University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Brazil
  • Daniel Freire de Sousa Institute of Health Sciences, University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Brazil
  • Emanuel Paula Magalhães Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
  • Maria Goretti Rodrigues de Queiroz Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
  • Otília Deusdênia Loiola Pessoa Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
  • Mariana Lima Feitosa Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
  • Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e201191

Keywords:

Polyphenol, Oral toxicity, Hyperlipidemia, Cholesterol oxidation, Obesity

Abstract

Obesity and dyslipidemia are conditions often associated with cardiovascular risk, inflammation, oxidative stress, and death. Thus, a new approach has been highlighted to promote research and development of pharmacological tools derived from natural sources. Among the most widely studied groups of substances, polyphenols such as tyramine stand out. This study investigated hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of tyramine. Oral toxicity evaluation, models of dyslipidemia and obesity were used. To induce dyslipidemia, Poloxamer-407 (P-407) was administered intraperitoneally. In the hypercholesterolemic and obesity model, specific diet and oral tyramine were provided. After 24h of P-407 administration, tyramine 2 mg/kg (T2) decreased triglycerides (TG) (2057.0 ± 158.5 mg/dL vs. 2838 ± 168.3 mg/dL). After 48h, TG were decreased by T2 (453.0 ± 35.47 vs. 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL) and 4 mg/kg (T4) (605.8 ± 26.61 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL). T2 reduced total cholesterol (TC) after 24h (309.0 ± 11.17 mg/dL vs. 399.7 ± 15.7 mg/dL); After 48h, 1 mg/kg (T1) (220.5 ± 12.78 mg/dL), T2 (205.8 ± 7.1 mg/dL) and T4 (216.8 ± 12.79 mg/dL), compared to P-407 (275.5 ± 12.1 mg/dL). The treatment decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite in liver, increased superoxide dismutase, reduced the diet-induced dyslipidemia, decreasing TC around 15%. Tyramine reduced body mass, glucose, and TC after hypercaloric feed. Treatment with 5 mg/L (0.46 ± 0.04 ng/dL) and 10 mg/L (0.44 ± 0.02 ng/dL) reduced plasma insulin (1.18 ± 0.23 ng/dL). Tyramine increased adiponectin at 5 mg/L (1.02 ± 0.02 vs. 0.83 ± 0.02 ng/mL) and 10mg/L (0.96 ± 0.04 ng/mL). In conclusion, tyramine has low toxicity in rodents, has antioxidant effect, reduces plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. However, further studies should be conducted in rodents and non-rodents to better understand the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of tyramine.

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Published

2023-02-08

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Original Article

How to Cite

Tyramine exerts hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects in vivo. (2023). Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 58. https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e201191