Medicamentos e tratamentos para a Covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.2020.34100.002Palavras-chave:
Covid-19, Ensaios clínicos, Medicamentos, Química medicinal, Reposicionamento de fármacos, Alvo molecular, Sars-CoV-2Resumo
Existem no mundo cerca de 2.000 registros de ensaios clínicos para a investigação de medicamentos aprovados e outros candidatos para a Covid-19, incluindo moléculas pequenas e medicamentos biológicos, sem contar as vacinas. O reposicionamento de fármacos, estratégia mais explorada até o momento, não levou a qualquer novo tratamento antiviral contra a Covid-19. O remdesivir, apesar de sua aprovação emergencial pela agência reguladora norte-americana, apresentou somente resultados modestos em estudos clínicos. A dexametasona, que contribuiu para reduzir a mortalidade em pacientes graves recebendo ventilação mecânica invasiva ou oxigênio, é um corticoide que possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias e imunossupressoras. Os medicamentos biológicos, por sua vez, como anticorpos monoclonais, interferons, proteínas específicas e anticoagulantes estão sendo avaliados em diversas triagens clínicas para definir o seu papel na terapia da doença. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) alertou que o coronavírus poderá nunca desaparecer, mesmo com uma eventual vacina, evidenciando a urgência de pesquisas por novos fármacos inovadores. O cenário atual mais realista compreende o desenvolvimento de antivirais específicos contra o Sars-CoV-2 para o tratamento seguro e eficaz da doença.
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