Biologia e teoria psicanalítica: das nuances de uma afinidade controversa para a adaptação epigenética
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6564e230040Palavras-chave:
teoria psicanalítica, teoria da evolução, teoria neuronalResumo
No final do século XIX, Freud baseou-se na teoria neuronal para apoiar o seu modelo teórico do aparelho mental. Porém, devido às restrições da neurobiologia da época, migrou suas explorações teóricas para o campo metapsicológico. Apesar dessa mudança, os fundamentos neurobiológicos iniciais permaneceram influentes no desenvolvimento da sua teoria da mente, destacando, em particular, a interação entre fatores hereditários e ambientais na diferenciação das estruturas psíquicas. Freud acreditava que era por meio da interação dos organismos com o meio ambiente/cultura, juntamente à herança biológica, que ocorria a diferenciação das estruturas psíquicas, visão que ressoa com os princípios lamarckianos rejeitados pela biologia da época. Essa divergência entre a biologia e a teoria psicanalítica, centrada na adesão de Freud aos seus conceitos teóricos, aponta para um conflito entre as disciplinas. No entanto, os desenvolvimentos contemporâneos na biologia, como a epigenética, podem fornecer uma base para a reconciliação entre esses campos.
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