Aspectos psicobiológicos da preocupação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6564e230028Palavras-chave:
preocupação, mecanismos neurais, ontogenia, função adaptativa, filogeniaResumo
A preocupação é pervasiva na vida diária humana. É definida como uma cadeia predominantemente verbal de pensamentos que tem algum grau de dificuldade de controle e envolve incertezas sobre o futuro. Este artigo examina os aspectos psicobiológicos da preocupação a partir das quatro questões para o estudo do comportamento: mecanismos neurobiológicos; ontogenia; função adaptativa; e filogenia. Foi mostrado que o eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal e a rede frontolímbica têm um papel na preocupação. As preocupações se desenvolvem ao longo do ciclo vital sob múltiplas variáveis, tais como a genética e epigenética, ambiente e experiências ao longo da vida. A preocupação influencia a aptidão de um indivíduo e até mesmo aspectos patológicos podem ser considerados subprodutos mal adaptativos de mecanismos adaptativos devido ao descompasso contextual. A preocupação tem uma história filogenética de evidências comparativas com primatas não humanos. Argumenta-se que a aplicação desses quatro níveis de explicação permite uma compreensão multifacetada da preocupação.
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