Testando a estrutura de capital de empresas familiares portuguesas

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113190

Palavras-chave:

empresas familiares, estrutura de capital, teoria do trade-off, teoria do pecking order, dados em painel

Resumo

O principal objetivo deste estudo é testar empiricamente as decisões de estrutura de capital em empresas familiares portuguesas sob a teoria do trade-off (trade-off theory– TOT) e a teoria do pecking order (pecking order theory– POT) e atender às relações entre família/interação de negócios e conflito de agência. Empresas familiares são essenciais para o desenvolvimento da economia, mas a lógica financeira que elas adotam ainda não está adequadamente elucidada pela pesquisa científica, especialmente considerando a maior exposição às restrições das imperfeições do mercado. O padrão específico da propriedade de um negócio pode afetar a decisão de financiamento e a habilidade de obter fundos externamente. Esse assunto é relevante para economias em que iniciativas empresariais familiares e estratégias de gerenciamento menos sofisticadas são expressivas. A maior convergência de interesses em empresas familiares e a consequente diminuição em custos de agência podem levar a níveis maiores de reputação reconhecida e, também, facilitar o acesso ao endividamento. Este estudo empírico usa modelos estáticos e modelos de painel dinâmico para analisar dados de 4.952 empresas familiares portuguesas no período de 2009 a 2016: a TOT, seguindo o modelo de ajuste de dívida parcial, e a POT, seguindo o modelo de impacto do déficit de fundos na dívida e o modelo de relacionamento entre dívida e os determinantes de financiamento. Os resultados dos testes individuais sugerem que empresas familiares portuguesas ajustam a dívida de acordo com o percentual alvo, embora influenciadas pelos custos de ajuste que as mantêm distantes do nível ótimo, assim como usam outras fontes além da dívida quando um déficit financeiro ocorre. Embora o impacto desse déficit seja maior no percentual da dívida, a velocidade de ajuste para o nível ótimo é maior na dívida de curto prazo. Evidências a partir de um teste conjunto confirmam que ambas as teorias explicam parte da estrutura de capital das empresas familiares portuguesas.

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Publicado

2021-12-01

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Pestana, L. J., Gomes, L. P., & Lopes, C. (2021). Testando a estrutura de capital de empresas familiares portuguesas. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 32(87), 510-527. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113190