Facial type and prevalence of bifid mandibular canal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2357-8041.clrd.2021.173249Keywords:
Mandibular canal, Facial types, Cone-beam computed tomographyAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of bifid mandibular canals (BMC) and correlate them with facial types (FT), using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and method: The sample, composed of 180 hemimandibles (90 patients), was determined by FT, sex, age and side of the face. The FT was determined using the Ricketts VERT index. The CBCT were divided into three groups according to the TF: 30 brachyfacial, 30 mesofacial and 30 dolichofacial patients. The BMC were classified according to Naitoh et al. (2011). The images were classified and evaluated by a trained radiologist, using the Dolphin Imaging® 11.0 and XoranCat® software. The groups were compared according to sex, affected side and BMC class by the Qui-square test or Fisher’s exact test; the influence of age compared to sex and presence of BMC by the Mann-Whitney test and compared to FT by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The relationship between patient sex and presence of BMC was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. A 5% significance level was considered in all tests. Results: The proportion of patients with BMC in the sample was 14.4%, with the most frequent type C alveolar (53.8%), followed by types D retromolar (15.4%), E lingual (15.4%) and F mandible base (7.7%). When CMB was present, there was no side predominance and patient’s sex influence. Conclusion: FT does not affect the presence or type of BMC.
Downloads
References
Sanchis JM, Peñarrocha M, Soler F. Bifid Mandibular canal. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;61(4):422-4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/joms.2003.50004
Lofthag-Hansen S, Grondahl K, Ekestube A. Cone-beam CT for preoperative implant planning in the posterior mandible: visibility of anatomic landmarks. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2009;11(3):246-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2008.00114.x
Nasseh I, Aoun G. Bifid mandibular canal: a rare or underestimated entity? Clin Pract. 2016;6(3):881. doi: https://doi.org/10.4081/cp.2016.881
Ramires RR, Ferreira LP, Marchesan IQ, Cattoni DM, Silva MAA. Tipologia facial aplicada à Fonoaudiologia: revisão de literatura. Rev Soc Bras Fonoaudiol. 2010;15(1):140-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342010000100023
Mellion ZJ, Behrents RG, Johnston LE Jr. The pattern of facial skeletal growth and its relationship to various common indexes of maturation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143(6):845-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.01.019
Oliveira RS, Oliveira AMG, Junqueira JLC, Panzarella FK. Association between the anatomy of the mandibular canal and facial types: a cone beam computed tomography analysis. Int J Dent. 2018;2018:5481383. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5481383
Naitoh M, Yoshida K, Nakahara K, Gotoh K, Ariji E. Demonstration of the accessory mental foramen using rotational panoramic radiography compared with cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(12):1415-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02116.x
Freitas GB, Silva AF, Morais LA, Silva MBF, Manhães LRC Jr. Classificação e prevalência das alterações do canal mandibular através de exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Rev Cir Traumatol Buco-Maxilo-Fac. 2016;16(3):6-12.
Ricketts RM. Orthodontic diagnosis and planning: their roles in preventive and rehabilitative dentistry. Denver (CO): Rock Mountain Orthodontics; 1982.
Kuribayashi A, Watanabe H, Imaizumi A, Tantanapornkul W, Katakami K, Kurabayashi T. Bifid mandibular canals: cone beam computed tomography evaluation. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2010;39(4):235-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/66254780
Oliveira-Santos C, Capelozza ALA, Dezzoti MSG, Fischer CM, Poleti ML, Rubira-Bullen IRF. Visibility of the mandibular canal on CBCT cross-sectional images. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19(3):240-3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572011000300011
Zhang YQ, Zhao YN, Liu DG, Meng Y, Ma XC. Bifid variations of the mandibular canal: cone beam computed tomography evaluation of 1000 Northern Chinese patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018;126(5):271-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2018.06.008
Orhan K, Aksoy S, Bicenoglu B, Sakul BU, Paksoy CS. Evaluation of bifid mandibular canals with cone beam computed tomography in a Turkish adult population: a retrospective study. Surg Radiol Anat. 2011;33(6):501-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-010-0761-y
Okumus O, Dumlu A. Prevalence of bifid mandibular canal according to gender, type and side. J Dent Sci. 2019;14(2):126-133. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2019.03.009
Villaça-Carvalho MFL. Avaliação da prevalência de canais mandibulares bífidos em Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico [dissertação]. São José dos Campos (SP): Unesp; 2012.
Freitas GB, Werlang RJ, Junqueira JLC, Silva MBF, Lopes SLPC, Manhães LRC Jr. Localisation of bifid mandibular canal by using cone beam computed tomography. Indian J Res. 2018;7(2):530-3.
Nortjé CJ, Farman AG, Joubert JJV. The radiographic appearance of the inferior dental canal: an additional variation. Br J Oral Surg. 1977;15(2):171-2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-117x(77)90050-6.
Haas LF, Dutra K, Porporatti AL, Mezzomo LAM, De Luca Canto G, Flores-Mir C, Corrêa M. Anatomical variations of mandibular canal detected by panoramic radiography and CT: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dentomaxillof Radiol. 2015;45(2):20150310. doi: https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20150310
Schmidt AP, Rossi AC, Freire RA, Groppo FC, Meadow FB. Association between facial type and mandibular canal morphology – analysis in digital panoramic radiographs. Braz Dent J. 2016;27(5):609-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600973
Freitas GB, Silva AF, Manhães LRC Jr., Junqueira JLC. Avaliação da prevalência e classificação dos canais mandibulares bífidos em exames de TCFC nos diferentes tipos faciais. Rev Odontol Unesp. 2018;47(2):85-91. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.10617
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Isaura Cristina Senna de Oliveira, Milena Bortolotto Felippe Silva, Ricardo Raitz Raitz

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors are requested to send, together with the letter to the Editors, a term of responsibility. Thus, the works submitted for appreciation for publication must be accompanied by a document containing the signature of each of the authors, the model of which is presented as follows:
I/We, _________________________, author(s) of the work entitled_______________, now submitted for the appreciation of Clinical and Laboratorial Research in Dentistry, agree that the authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Date: ____/____/____Signature(s): _______________