Fácies e sistema deposicional da formação barreiras na região da Barreira do Inferno, Litoral Oriental do Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

The Barreiras Formation is composed of sedimentary siliciclastic rocks that crop out at the continental scale along the Brazilian coastline from the State of Rio de Janeiro to the State of Amapá. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte, this formation is well exposed in cliffs along the coastline, best represented by the Barreira do Inferno cliff, which is 1 km long and 20 m high. Facies characterization and interpretation of depositional systems of the Barreiras Formation in this cliff were based on stratigraphic columnar sections and digital photomosaics. The Barreira do Inferno cliff comprises a large area affording continuous exposure of bed geometries, generally tabular in shape with secondary channels filled by mudstones, indicative of a fluvial context. Coarse facies characterize channel environments, whereas fine facies represent flood plains. This interpretation is supported by a lateral decrease in the ration of sandstone/conglomerates versus mudstones along the outcrop. In the central portion of the fluvial belt, sands and conglomerates comprise up to 80% of the deposits. Laterally, in the flood plain, up to 40% of the deposits are mudstones, fine sands, and very fine sands. This system is similar to braided fluvial systems, but the facies association (with pelites) and layer geometries (abandoned channels filled by mudstones) are characteristic of meandering rivers. The model that best explains these deposits is the"coarse-grained meandering river model".