Sociodemographic factors and overweight in children participating in a government program for fortified milk distribution

Authors

  • Fernanda Martins Dias Escaldelai Mestre em Ciências pelo Programa de Saúde Pública, área de Epidemiologia, da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) – São Paulo (SP)
  • Rosangela Aparecida Augusto Pós-doutora em Nutrição pela Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - São Paulo (SP)
  • José Maria Pacheco de Souza Professor Titular (aposentado) e Professor Sênior do Departamento de Epidemiologia da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - São Paulo (SP)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.115676

Keywords:

fortified milk distribution program, nutrition programs and policies, infant, weight gain

Abstract

Introduction:  Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of the VIVALEITE Project for promoting weight gain in children under two years old. Given the program´s effectiveness, children whose weight on entry was close to the normal limit for age may have become overweight during their participation. 

Objective: To analyze the association between sociodemographic factors and overweight in participants of the VIVALEITE Project. 

Methods: A cohort study with data on 1,039 infants from low-income families in the state of São Paulo enrolled on the Vivaleite Program at six months of age with a weight near the upper limit of adequacy between January 2003 and September 2008 was conducted. The proportion of children that became overweight during participation in the program and associations with sociodemographic conditions of each child (breastfeeding at six months, sex and birth weight) and mother/guardian (marital status, age, employment status and education) were investigated. Modeling was performed using multilevel logistic regression of socioeconomic variables and ages at weighing. The Stata program version 10.1 was used for analysis. 

Results: On multilevel analysis, the “yes” category of breastfeeding at six months (OR = 0.29, p = 0.000) and maternal employment (OR = 0.36, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with overweight in the children. The variables birth weight, sex, marital status, maternal age and education were not statistically associated with overweight. 

Conclusions: The sociodemographic factors “not breastfeeding at six months” and “maternal unemployment” were positively associated with overweight among the infants participating in the program.

Author Biographies

  • Fernanda Martins Dias Escaldelai, Mestre em Ciências pelo Programa de Saúde Pública, área de Epidemiologia, da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) – São Paulo (SP)
    Mestre em Ciências pelo Programa de Saúde Pública, área de Epidemiologia, da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo
  • Rosangela Aparecida Augusto, Pós-doutora em Nutrição pela Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - São Paulo (SP)
    Pós-doutora em Nutrição pela Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo

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Published

2018-06-26

Issue

Vol. 28 No. 2 (2018)

Section

Artigos Originais

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