Characterization of the longitudinal plantar arch of obese children using plantar print indexes

Authors

  • Priscila S. Souza Universidade de São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina; Depto. Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional
  • Silvia M. A. João Universidade de São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina; Depto. Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional
  • Isabel de C. N. Sacco Universidade de São Paulo; Faculdade de Medicina; Depto. Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.19816

Keywords:

Obesity, Childhood, Foot, Anthropometry

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To describe the development of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) ofthe foot of obese children and verify the concordance between 5 footprint indexes whichcharacterize such arch. METHODS: 156 obese children, both genders, between 4 and 10 yearsold, belonging to both public and private schools of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The childrenwere classified as obese according to Cole et al (2000) and selected among 1535 studentsbetween 4 and 10 years old from 5 different schools. Afterwards, the footprints of each obesechild were collected and then the indexes that characterize the MLA were calculated: Cavanaghand Rodgers index - CR, Staheli index - IS1 and IS2, Chipaux-Smirak index - ICS, andfootprint angle - AA. RESULTS: CR, IS and ICS showed that a remarkable change in the MLAshape takes place in the transition from 8 to 9 years of age and the AA showed two transitionranges, from 6 to 7 and from 8 to 9 years of age. Generally speaking, the largest discrepancywas noticed in the IS1 classification when evaluating the MLA for those children and the CRone proved to be the most stable. CONCLUSION: It was observed that the MLA is formed later inobese children (8 to 9 years of age) comparing to non-obese children (5 to 6 years of age).Regarding the indexes, there was a similarity in the description of the MLA developmentbetween CR, ICS and AA. The IS needs more caution and its use should be restricted.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Balaban G, Silva GAP. Prevalência de sobrepeso em crianças de uma escola da rede privada de Recife. Jornal de Pediatria. 2001;77: 96-100.

Abrantes MM, Lamounier JA, Colosimo EA. Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes das regiões sudeste e nordeste. Jornal de Pediatria. 2002; 78(4):335-40.

Leão lscs, Araújo LMB, Moraes LTLP. Prevalência de obesidade em escolares de Salvador, Bahia. Arq Brás Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 47 (2): 151-7.

Anjos LA, Castro IRR, Engstrom EM, Azevedo AMF. Crescimento e estado nutricional em amostra probabilística de escolares no município do Rio de Janeiro,1999. Cad Saúde Pública. 2003; 19 (supl 1):S171-9.

Fisberg M. Obesidade na Infância e na Adolescêcia. BYK, São Paulo, 1995.

Saibene F, Minetti AE. Biomechanical and physiological aspects of legged locomotion in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003; 88 (4-5):297-316.

Saltzman CL, Nawoczski DA, Talbot KDM. Measurement of the Medial Longitudial Arch. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76:45-9.

Magee D J. Avaliação Musculoesquelética. Ed. Manole, São Paulo, 2002.

Volpon JB. Footprint analysis during thegrowth period. J Pediatric Orthopaedics. 1994;14(1):83-85.

Morioka EH, Onodera AN, Sacco ICN, SáMR, Amadio AC. Avaliação do arco longitudinal medial através da impressão plantar em crianças de 3 a 10 anos [CD-ROM]. In: Anais do XI Congresso Brasileiro de Biomecânica, João Pessoa 2005.

Hennig EM, Rosenbaum D. Pressure distribution pattern under the feet of children in comparison with adults. Foot & Ankle.1995;11(5):306-311.

Donatelli R, Wolf S L. The Biomechanics of the Foot and Ankle. Philadélphia, F A Davis Company, 1990; p.7-8.

Lin CJ, Lai KA, Kuan TS, Chou YL. Correlating factors and clinical significance of flexible flatfoot in preschool children. J Pediatric Orthopaedics. 2001; 21: 378-382.

Cavanagh PR, Rodgers MM. The arch index: a useful measure from footprints. J Biomechanics. 1987;20(3), p.547-51.

Staheli LT, Chew DE, Corbett M. The longitudinal arch. J Bone Joint Surgery. 1987;p. 426-428.

Echarri JJ, Forriol F. The development in footprint morphology in 1851 Congolese children from urban and rural areas and the relationship between this and wearing shoes. J Pediatric Orthopaedics. 2003; 12-B(2):141-146.

Forriol F, Pascual J. Footprint analysis between three and seventeen years of age. Foot and Ankle. 1990; 11(2):101-104.

Clarke HH. An objective method of measuring the height of the longitudinal arch in foot examinations. Research Quartely. 1933; 4:99-107.

Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a stand art definition for child overweight and obesity world wide: international survey. British Medical Journal. 2000;320: 1240-3.

Sodré H, Lourenço AF. Propedêutica do Tornozelo e Pé Infantil. In: Manual de Propedêutica Ortopédica, 8, UNIFESP, 1993.

Viladot A. Patologie del antepie. Toray, Barcelona. 1974.

Hills AP, Hennig EM, Byrne NM, SteeleJR. The biomechanics of adiposity-structural and functional limitations of obesity and implications for movement. Obes Rev. 2002;3(1):35-43.

Hills AP, Parker AW. Gait asymmetry in obese children. Neuro-Orthoped. 1991; 12: 29-33.

Cailliet R. Pé e Tornozelo. Síndromes Dolorosas. Editora Manole, São Paulo, 1977.

Downloads

Published

2007-04-01

Issue

Vol. 17 No. 1 (2007)

Section

Original Research

License

CODE OF CONDUCT FOR JOURNAL  PUBLISHERS

 

Publishers who are Committee on Publication Ethics members and who support COPE membership for journal editors should:

 

Publishers should:

 

  • Define the relationship between publisher, editor and other parties in a contract
  • Respect privacy (for example, for research participants, for authors, for peer reviewers)
  • Protect intellectual property and copyright
  • Foster editorial independence

 

Publishers should work with journal editors to:

 

  • Set journal policies appropriately and aim to meet those policies, particularly with respect to:

–         Editorial  independence

–         Research ethics, including confidentiality, consent, and the special requirements for human and animal research

–         Authorship

–         Transparency and integrity (for example, conflicts of interest, research funding, reporting standards

–         Peer review and the role of the editorial team beyond that of the journal editor

–         Appeals and complaints

  • Communicate journal policies (for example, to authors, readers, peer reviewers)
  • Review journal policies periodically, particularly with respect to new recommendations from the COPE
  • Code of Conduct for Editors and the COPE Best Practice Guidelines
  • Maintain the integrity of the academic record
  • Assist the parties (for example, institutions, grant funders, governing bodies) responsible for the investigation of suspected research and publication misconduct and, where possible, facilitate in the resolution of these cases
  • Publish corrections, clarifications, and retractions
  • Publish content on a timely basis