WAY OF LIVING AND MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP: A STUDY ON WALKING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.39665Keywords:
way of living, mother-child relationship, independent walking.Abstract
Data on independent walking age of 60 children aged 0-12 months living in the city of São Paulo were cross-analysed with some aspects of the physical and psychological organizationof the home enviromnent: presence/absence of physical and of mother-controlled conditions favouring the child’s exploratory behaviour. An analysis scheme is proposed in which the concepts of attachment and autonomy, relative to the mother-child relationship, are linked to the concepts of “place” and “space”, relative to the organization of the home environment; and both these dimensions are understood as the expression of a “developmental system” including the basic
psycho-biological organization of the mother-child dyad and its susceptibility to the belief systems and the concrete living conditions within which development takes place. A comparison with the child-rearing practices and environmental organization in a hunter-gatherer society (the Kalahari !Kungs) is used to highlight the concept of developmental system.
Downloads
References
Ainsworth MDS. Attachment theory and its utility in cross cultural research. 1997.
Leiderman SR. Tulkin & A.Rosenfeld (Orgs.), Culture and infancy: Variations in the human experience (pp. 49-68). New York: Academic Press.
Ariés P. História social da criança e da familia. (D. Flaksman, Trad.). 2ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara; 1978.
Badinter E. Um amor conquistado: omito do amor materno. (W. Dutra, Trad.). Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira; 1985.
Berenstein L. Família e doença mental. (A. Friedmann, Trad.). São Paulo: Escuta; 1988.
Berlalanffy LV. Teoria geral dos sistemas. (FM. Guimarães, Trad.). 3ª ed. São Paulo: Vozes; 1977.
Bergamasco NHR, Beraldo KEA. Facial expressions of neonate infants in response to gustatory stimuli. Brazilian Journal of Medical Biology. 1990;23:245-249.
Blurton Jones N. Aspectos comparativos do contato mãe-criança. Em N. Blurton Jones (Org.), Estudos etológicos do comportamento da criança (pp. 317-340).(E. Otta, Trad.). São Paulo: Biblioteca Pioneira Ciências Sociais; 1981.
Bowlby J. Apego. (A. Cabral, Trad.).São Paulo: Martins Fontes;1981.
Bornstein MK, Marks LE. Color revisionism. Psychology Today. 1982;15(1):64-73.
Brazelton TB. Implications of infant development among the Mayan Indians of Mexico. Em PH. Leiderman, SR.Tulkin, A. Rosenfeld (Orgs.), Culture and infancy: Variations in the human experience (pp.151-188). New York: Academic Press; 1977.
Brazelton TB. O bebê: parceiro na interação. Em TB. Brazelton, B.Cramer, L. Kretsler, R. Schappi, M. Soule (Orgs.). A dinâmica do bebê (pp. 9-23). (D.R. Unikowski, Trad.). Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas; 1987.
Bushnell IWR, Sai R, Mullin JT. Neonatal recognition of the mother’s face. British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 1989; 7(1): 3-16.
Carvalho AMA. O lugar do biológico na psicologia. O ponto de vista da etologia. Biotemas. 1989;2(2):81-92.
Chisholm JS. Residence patterns and the environment of mother infant interaction among the Navajo. In: TM Field, AM Sostek, R Vietze, RH Leiderman (Orgs.), Culture and early interactions. (pp. 3-20). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1981.
Cernoch J, Poster R. Recognition of maternal axillary odors by infants. Child Development. 1985;56:1593-1598.
De Casper AS, Fifer WP. Of human bonding: Newborns prefer their mother’s voices. Science. 1980;208: 1174-1176.
DevoreL, Konner MJ. Infancy in hunter-gatherer life: An ethological perspective. In: NF White (Org.), Ethology and Psychiatry. 1974; (pp. 111-141). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Dupuy JR. Ordem e desordem. Ciência e Cultura. 1990; 42(2):150-160.
Eibl-Eibesfeldt L. The myth of aggression free hunter and gatherer society. In: RL Holloway (Org.), Primate agression, territoriality and xenophobia. (pp. 69-82). London: Academic Press; 1974.
Erikson EH. Infância e sociedade. (G. Amado, Trad.). Rio de Janeiro: Zahar; 1976.
Fernald A. Four-month-old infants prefer to listen to mothers’. Infant Behavior and Development. 1985; 8: 181-195.
Field TM, Cohen D, Garcia R, Greenberg R. (1984). Mother -stranger face discrimination by the newborn. Infant Behavior Development. 1984; 7: 19-25.
Gottleb G. Critical perceptual dimensions of the maternal voice for human infants. In: B. Gottlieb, N. Kras-Negor (Orgs.). Measurement of audition and vision (pp. 21-27). New Jersey: Ablex; 1985.
Gould SS. Darwin e os grandes enigmas da vida. (ME. Martinez, Trad.). São Paulo: Martins Fontes; 1987.
Hockett CF. Logical considerations in the study of animal communication. In: WE Lanyon, WM Tavolga. (Orgs.). Animal sounds and communications (pp. 392-430). Washington: American Institute Biological Science; 1960.
Kaplan M, Kaplan N. The self-organization of human psychological functioning. Behavioral Science. 1991;36:161-178.
Keller H. Exploratory behavior, place attachment, genius loci, and childhood concepts: Elements of understanding children’s interactions with their environments. In: G. Gorlitz, HJ Horloff G. Mey, Valsiner. (Eds.), Children, cities and psychological theories. Developing relationships. Berlin: Walther de Gruyter.1998; p.454-68.
Klaus M, Klaus R. O surpreendente recém-nascido. (MCG. Monteiro,Trad.). Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas 1989.
Kon IS. (1987). A sociocultural approach. In: JH. Geer, WT O’Donohue (Orgs.).Theories of human sexuality (pp. 257-286).New York: Plenum Press; 1987.
Konner M. Infancy among the Kalahari Desert San. In: RH Leiderman SR, Tulkin, A. Rosenfeld (Orgs.). Culture and infancy (pp. 287-312); 1977a. New York: Academic Press.
Konner M. Evolution of human behavior development. In: PH Leider-Man, SR Tulkin, A. Rosenfeld (Orgs.). Culture and infancy (pp. 69-109). New York: Academic Press; 1977b.
Konn er M. Etologia de um povo que vive da caça e da coleta. Aspectos relacionados com o desenvolvimento infantil. In: N. Blurton Jones (Org.), Estudos etológicos do comportamento da criança (pp.295-316).(E. Otta, Trad.). São Paulo: Biblioteca Pioneira de Ciências Sociais; 1981.
Leakey RE, Lewin R. O povo do lago. (N. Telles, Trad.). Sào Paulo: Melhoramentos; 1988.
Levine RA. Child rearing as cultural adaptation. In: PH Letderman, SR Tulkin, A. Rosenfeld (Orgs.). Cultureand infancy. Variations in the human experience (pp. 29-48). New York: Academic Press; 1977.
Lewis M, Ban P. Variance and invariance in the mother-infant interaction: Across-cultural study. In: PH Leiderman SR, Tulkin A, Rosenfeld (Orgs.). Culture and infance. Variations in the human experience (pp. 329-356). New York: Academic Press; 1977.
Malucelli E, Maass A. The development of spatial abilities: growing up with or without cars. Bulletin of People-Environment Studies. 2001; 18: 6-10.
Mellen SLW. The evolution of love. New York: Freeman; 1981.
Miller JC, Miller JL. The earth as a system. Behavioral Science. 1982;27(4):302-322.
Morin E. O enigma do homem. (F.C.Ferro, Trad.). 2ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar; 1979.
Monroe RH, Monroe RL. Household density and infant care in an East African Society. The Journal of Social Psychology. 1971;83:3-13.
Oyama S. Ontogeny and the central dogma: Do we need the concept of genetic programing in order to have an evolutionary perspective? In: MR Gunnar, E.Thelen (Orgs.). Systems and development. The Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology (Vol. 27, pp. 1-34). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1989.
Parke RR, Grossmann K, Tinsley BT. Father-mother-infant interaction in the newborn period: A German-American comparison. In: TM Field, AM Sostek, P Vietze, PH Leiderman (Orgs.). Culture and early interactions (pp. 95-113).Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1981.
Papousek H, Papousek M. Learring and cognitive in the everyday life of human infants. Advances in the study of behavior. 1984;14:127-163.
Poster M. Teoria crítica da família. (A. Cabral, Trad.). Rio de Janeiro: Zahar; 1979.
Rabinovich ER. Modo de vida e a relação mãe-criança. o mamar e o andar, o modo demorar e o modo de dormir. São Paulo, 1992. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo.
Rieser J, Yonas A, Wikner K. Radial localization of odors of human newborns. Child Development. 1976; 47: 856-859.
Siqueira AAE, Oliveira DC, Rabinovich EP, Santos NG. Instrumentos para o acompanhamento e avaliação do desenvolvimento infantil na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Revista Brasileira do Crescimento e Desenvolvimento Humano. 1992;2(2): 59-99.
Sorenson ER. Early tactile communication and the patterning of human organization: a New Guinea case study. In: M Bullowa (Org.). Before speech (pp. 289-306). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1979.
Thelen E. Motor development as foundation and future on developmental psychology. International J Behavioral Development. 2000;24(4):385-397.
Trevarthen C. Communication and cooperation in early infancy: A description of primary intersubjetivity. In: M. Bullowa(Org.). Before speech (pp. 321-348).Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1979.
Tuan YF. Espaço e lugar. (L. Oliveira,Trad.). São Paulo: Difel; 1983.
Washburn SL, Lancaster CS. Evolution of hunting. In: RB Lee, L Devore (Orgs.). Man the hunter (pp. 293-303). Chicago: Aldini Publishing Company; 1975.
Widner C, Tlssot R. Os modos de comunicação do bebê. As posturas, movimentos, vocalizações. (DS Pinheiro , FA Braga,Trad.). Rio de Janeiro: Manole Ltda; 1987.
Zaslow M, Rogoff B.The cross cultural study of early interaction: Implication for research on culture and cognition. In: TM Field, AM Sostek, P Vietze, RH Lederman (Orgs.). Culture and early interaction(pp. 237-256). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1981.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
CODE OF CONDUCT FOR JOURNAL PUBLISHERS
Publishers who are Committee on Publication Ethics members and who support COPE membership for journal editors should:
- Follow this code, and encourage the editors they work with to follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Edi- tors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf)
- Ensure the editors and journals they work with are aware of what their membership of COPE provides and en- tails
- Provide reasonable practical support to editors so that they can follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Editors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf_)
Publishers should:
- Define the relationship between publisher, editor and other parties in a contract
- Respect privacy (for example, for research participants, for authors, for peer reviewers)
- Protect intellectual property and copyright
- Foster editorial independence
Publishers should work with journal editors to:
- Set journal policies appropriately and aim to meet those policies, particularly with respect to:
– Editorial independence
– Research ethics, including confidentiality, consent, and the special requirements for human and animal research
– Authorship
– Transparency and integrity (for example, conflicts of interest, research funding, reporting standards
– Peer review and the role of the editorial team beyond that of the journal editor
– Appeals and complaints
- Communicate journal policies (for example, to authors, readers, peer reviewers)
- Review journal policies periodically, particularly with respect to new recommendations from the COPE
- Code of Conduct for Editors and the COPE Best Practice Guidelines
- Maintain the integrity of the academic record
- Assist the parties (for example, institutions, grant funders, governing bodies) responsible for the investigation of suspected research and publication misconduct and, where possible, facilitate in the resolution of these cases
- Publish corrections, clarifications, and retractions
- Publish content on a timely basis
