Association between child maltreatment indicators and developmental problems in early childhood education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.81274Keywords:
child abuse, domestic violence, child development, consequencesAbstract
Introduction: Short and long-term exposure to maltreatment can increase the risk of developmental problems. Objective: To characterize a sample of children in early education with regard to the presence of indicators of child abuse and emotional and behavioural problems and to determine the association between these variables. Methods: The sample consisted of 40 elementary school children whose parents or guardians and teachers (n = 6) gave permission for their participation in this study. Data were obtained using the Phrase Inventory of Intra-family Child Abuse (PIICA) and the Teacher’s Report Form (TRF). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were made. Results: The average score in IFVD was 17.82, which is out of range of risk, according to the instrument instructions. However, 30% of the sample with suspicions of maltreatment obtained a score higher than 23. The sample was divided into two groups for comparison according to the TRF (victimized and non-victimized). Significant differences were found in Total Problems and in Internalizing Problems, although the averages of the item responses from both groups were considered normal at all levels and in all sub-items. Conclusion: Children that present indicators of abuse are also likely to present indicators of depression and anxiety at non-clinical levels, corroborating other studies. However, the convenience sample in this study may have introduced a bias in terms of maltreatment severity. Further studies with larger and more diverse samples are necessary.
Downloads
References
Organização Mundial da Saúde & Sociedade Internacional para Prevenção ao Abuso e Ne- gligência na Infância. Preventing child maltreatment: a guide to taking action and generation evidence. WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication. 2006.
Matias ASA, Bazon MR. Prevalência de maus- tratos de crianças de 0 a 6 anos que frequen- tam estabelecimentos de educação infantil na cidade de Ribeirão Preto. In: Biasoli-Alves ZMM, Alves IMFM, Carvalhaes LHR; Duarte P (Orga-nizadores). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia: Livro de Artigos - Tomo II. 2005. Ribeirão Preto: Légis Summa; p. 287-98.
Pollak SD, Cicchetti D, Klorman R. Stress, memory, and emotion: Developmental considerations from the study of child maltreatment. Development and Psychopathology. 1998;10(4):811-28.
Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância. Innocenti Report Card 5. Itália; 2003.
Waiselfisz JJ. Mapa da violência 2012: crianças e adolescentes do Brasil. 1° Ed. Rio de Janei- ro; 2012. p. 70-80.
Torquato JA, Paes JB, Bento MCC, Saikai GMPN, Ssouto JN, Lima E de AM. et al. Pre- valência de atraso do desenvolvimento neuro- psicomotor em pré-escolares. Rev Bras Cresc e Desenv Hum. 2011; 21(2): 259-268. 7.
Lucion MK, Escosteguy. Relação mãe-cuidado- res de gemelares no primeiro ano após o nas- cimento. Rev Bras Crescimento Desenvolv Hum. [online]. 2011;21(2):307-18.
Boeckel MG, Sarriera JC. Estilos parentais, estilos atribucionais e bem-estar psicológico em jovens universitários. Rev Bras Crescimento Desenvolv Hum. 2006; 16(3): 53-65.
Paiano M, Andrade BB, Cazzoni E, Araújo JJ, Waidman MAP, Marcon SS. Distúrbios de con- duta em crianças do ensino fundamental e sua relação com a estrutura familiar. Rev Bras Cres- cimento Desenvolv Hum. 2007; 17(2): 111-121.
Cicchetti D. How research on child maltreatment has informed the study of child development: perspectives from developmental psychopathology. In: Cicchetti D, Carlson V, editors. Child maltreatment. Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect. 1989. Cambridge: University Press. p. 377-431.
Maia JMD, Williams LCA. Fatores de risco e fa- tores de proteção ao desenvolvimento infantil: uma revisão da área. Temas psicologia. 2005;13(2): 91-103.
Organização Mundial da Saúde. Informe mun- dial sobre la violencia y salud. Genebra (SWZ): OMS; 2002.
Milota T, Éthier LS, St-Laurent D, Provost MA. The role of trauma symptoms in the development of behavioural problems in maltreated preschoolers. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2010; 34:225–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.07.006
Felitti VJ. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 1998;14:245–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.07.006
Tofoli SMC, Baes CVW, Martins CMS, Juruena MF. Early life stress, HPA axis and depression. Psychology and Neuroscience. 2011;4(2):229-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3922/j.psns.2011.2.008
Mello MF, Faria AA, Mello AF, Carpenter LL, Tyka AR, Price LH. Maus-tratos na infância e psicopatologia no adulto: caminhos para a dis- função do eixo hipotálamo-pituitária-adrenal. Rev Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2009;31(2):41-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462009000600002.
Oliveira PA, Scivoletto S, Cunha PJ. Estudos neuropsicológicos e de neuroimagem associados ao estresse emocional na infância e adolescência. Rev Psiquiatr Clín. 2010;37(6).
D’Avila-Bacarji KMG, Marturano EM, Elias LCS. Suporte parental: um estudo sobre crianças com queixas escolares. Psicol Estud. 2005;10(1):107-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-7372200500010001
Marturano, EM. Tensões cotidianas na transição da primeira série: um enfoque de desen- volvimento. Psicologia em Estudo. Maringá.2008;13(1):79-87.
Faleiros JM, Matias ASA, Bazon MR. Violência contra crianças na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil: a prevalência dos maus-tra- tos calculada com base em informações do setor educacional. Cad. Saúde Pública.
;25(2):337-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2009000200012.
Tardivo LSLPC, Pinto AA. IFVD - Inventário de frases no diagnóstico de violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes. Vetor Editora;2010. p.11-68.
Achenbach T. Manual for the Teacher’s Report Form. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Dep Of Psychiatry; 1991. p.11-26.
Duarte CS, Bordin IAS. Instrumento de Avalia- ção. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2000; 22(2): 55-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ S1516-44462000000600015.
Silvares EFM, Rocha MM, Bordin IAS, Teixeira MC, Paula CS. Versão brasileira do Teacher Report-Form for ages 6-18" – reproduzida sob licença nº207-12-04-06. São Paulo; 2010.
Pagano M, Gauvreau K. Princípios de Bioestatística. São Paulo; 2004. p. 344-351.
SAS/STAT® User’s Guide, Version 9.0. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute Inc; 2002. p. 1446.
R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria; 2012.
Dancey C, Reidy J. Estatística sem matemática para psicologia: usando SPSS para Windows. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2006. p. 524-526.
Sidebotham PD. Red skies, risk factors and early indicators. Invited comments on Early indicators of child abuse and neglect: a multi- professional Delphi study by Catherine Powell. Child Abuse Review. 2003;12:41–5. doi:10.1002/car.780
Cicchetti D, To th SL. A developmental perspective on internalizing and externalizing disorders. In: Cicchetti D, Toth SL. Internalizing and externalizing expressions of dysfunction - Rochester symposium on developmental psychopathology. Vol 2 New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1991; p. 1-19.
Wilkinson P. Conceptualization about internalizing problems in children and adolescents. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2009;14(2).
Bolger KE, Patterson CJ. Pathways from child maltreatment to internalizing problems: Perceptions of control as mediators and moderators. Dev and Psychopathology,2001: (13)913–940.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
CODE OF CONDUCT FOR JOURNAL PUBLISHERS
Publishers who are Committee on Publication Ethics members and who support COPE membership for journal editors should:
- Follow this code, and encourage the editors they work with to follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Edi- tors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf)
- Ensure the editors and journals they work with are aware of what their membership of COPE provides and en- tails
- Provide reasonable practical support to editors so that they can follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Editors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf_)
Publishers should:
- Define the relationship between publisher, editor and other parties in a contract
- Respect privacy (for example, for research participants, for authors, for peer reviewers)
- Protect intellectual property and copyright
- Foster editorial independence
Publishers should work with journal editors to:
- Set journal policies appropriately and aim to meet those policies, particularly with respect to:
– Editorial independence
– Research ethics, including confidentiality, consent, and the special requirements for human and animal research
– Authorship
– Transparency and integrity (for example, conflicts of interest, research funding, reporting standards
– Peer review and the role of the editorial team beyond that of the journal editor
– Appeals and complaints
- Communicate journal policies (for example, to authors, readers, peer reviewers)
- Review journal policies periodically, particularly with respect to new recommendations from the COPE
- Code of Conduct for Editors and the COPE Best Practice Guidelines
- Maintain the integrity of the academic record
- Assist the parties (for example, institutions, grant funders, governing bodies) responsible for the investigation of suspected research and publication misconduct and, where possible, facilitate in the resolution of these cases
- Publish corrections, clarifications, and retractions
- Publish content on a timely basis
