Uma Dádiva do Nilo? Mudanças climáticas, as origens da civilização egípcia e suas interações no Nordeste Africano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p251-281Palabras clave:
Egito, Nubia, África, Mudanças Climáticas, Conexões Interculturais, Intercâmbio, Saara, Hannek, Acádia, GinefabResumen
Os pesquisadores de hoje se deparam, basicamente, com a mesma paisagem que Heródoto testemunhou no Egito e no norte do Sudão, uma estreita faixa verde alimentada pelo Nilo e rodeada pelo absoluto deserto. Essa ecologia peculiar continua desempenhando um papel central em modelos interpretativos acerca das origens do Estado egípcio antigo que diminuem as conexões africanas daquela sociedade. Da década de 1930 até os dias de hoje, porém, um grupo de exploradores do deserto e arqueólogos vêm documentando que, desde o período neolítico, grande parte do Saara tratava-se vasta campina com lagos sazonais e, possivelmente, permanentes. Este artigo discute dados produzidos por pesquisas recentes, incluindo a UCSB Dongola Reach Expedition e o UCSB-ASU Fourth Cataract Project. Essas pesquisas apontam para a existência de relações entre as culturas nilóticas do Alto Egito, o Saara e a Núbia sudanesa, demonstrando como essas interações, em combinação com mudanças climáticas resultando na dessecação do Saara, contribuíram para o rápido aparecimento do Estado egípcio, que continuaria mantendo fortes conexões em todo o nordeste africano.
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