Airbnb as platform urbanism: general aspects and paths towards a multi-scalar approach

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-2762.posfauusp.2024.214821

Keywords:

Platform urbanism, Digital platform, Smart cities, Short-term rental, Urban space

Abstract

This article presents aspects highlighted in scientific studies on Airbnb as an expression of “platform urbanism” and indicates processes that can be observed in socio-spatial and economic dynamics stimulated by short-term rentals worldwide, aiming to formulate paths for a multi-scalar investigation. To achieve this, the article is divided into three parts. In the first part, we analyze studies on Airbnb encompassing the concept of platform urbanism and indicating the main aspects they point out. In the second part, events related to Airbnb activities in five countries (United States, Mexico, Canada, Japan, and China) are presented, gathered from newspaper news. And in the third part, four processes related to these events are listed: the complexification of the real estate system; new flows defined by digital nomadism; new arrangements in the private sector; and the expansion of vacation rental companies according to pre-existing political and economic logics.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Aline Cristina Fortunato Cruvinel, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

    Doutoranda em Urbanismo (PROURB/UFRJ), desenvolvendo pesquisa sobre Urbanismo de Plataforma, com enfoque na atuação da plataforma Airbnb na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Mestre em Urbanismo pela mesma instituição, formada entre 2018 e 2020, com pesquisa financiada pela CAPES e pelo Programa Bolsa Nota 10, da FAPERJ. É especialista em Sociologia Urbana (ICS/UERJ) e arquiteta e urbanista formada pela Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAUUSP), entre 2010 e 2016, e pela École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG), entre 2013 e 2014, com apoio do Programa Ciência Sem Fronteiras/CAPES. Atua em pesquisas sobre história urbana, habitação na América Latina e urbanismo de plataforma, bem como já desenvolveu estudos sobre patrimônio cultural, memória e classe trabalhadora no Rio de Janeiro e em São Paulo. É integrante do Laboratório de Análise Urbana e Representação Digital (LAURD/PROURB) e do Grupo de Estudos em Teoria Marxista da Dependência (TMD/EFoP). 

References

AALBERS, Manuel B. Introduction To The Forum: From Third To Fifth-Wave Gentrification: From Third To Fifth-Wave Gentrification. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, [s. l.], v. 110, p. 1-11, nov. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12332.

ABOUT US. Airbnb News, [s. l.], 2023. Disponível em: https://news.airbnb.com/br/about-us/. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2023.

AIRBNB TO QUIT China as lockdowns restrict tourism. BBC, [s. l.], 24 May 2022. Disponível em: https://www.bbc. com/news/business-61560385. Acesso em: 8 jun. 2023.

BARNS, Sara. Negotiating the platform pivot: From participatory digital ecosystems to infrastructures of everyday life. Geography Compass, Hoboken, v. 13, n. 9, p. 1-13, 2019. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12464.

BORGHYS, Koen; VAN DER GRAAF, Shenja; WALRAVENS, Nils; VAN COMPERNOLLE, Mathias. Multi-Stakeholder Innovation in Smart City Discourse: Quadruple Helix Thinking in the Age of “Platforms”. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, [s. l.], v. 2, p. 1-5, mar. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2020.00005.

BOSMA, Jelke. R. Platformed professionalization: Labor, assets, and earning a livelihood through Airbnb. EPA: Economy and Space, Thousand Oaks, v. 54, n. 4, jun. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X211063492.

CANO, Rosa Jiménez. Airbnb vence batalha contra São Francisco, cidade onde nasceu. El País Brasil, São Francisco, 4 nov. 2015. Disponível em: https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2015/11/04/economia/1446619668_935778.html. Acesso em: 6 jun. 2023.

CERRETA, Maria; DELLA MURA, Fernanda; LIETO, Laura; POLI, Giuliano. Short-Term City Dynamics: Effects and Proposals before the Covid-19 Pandemic. Aestimum, Firenze, p. 147-169, mar. 2021. Special Issue. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13128/aestim-9428.

CHEVALIER, Jennifer. ‘These guys are predators’: Condo owner says home turned into Airbnb ‘ghost hotel’. CBC News, Ottawa, 6 May. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/condo-owner-violated-airbnb-ghost-hotel-1.5122219. Acesso em: 6 jun. 2023.

COLOMB, Claire; SOUZA, Tatiana Moreira de. Illegal short-term rentals, regulatory enforcement and informal practices in the age of digital platforms. European Urban and Regional Studies, Thousand Oaks, p. 1-18, mar. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/09697764231155386.

GALLAGHER, L. A história da Airbnb. São Paulo: Buzz Editora, 2018. 272p.

GOYETTE, Kiley. ‘Making ends meet’ by renting homes to strangers: Historicizing Airbnb through women’s supplemental income. City, Abingdon, v. 25, n. 3-4, p. 332-354, jun. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2021.1935777.

GRIFFITH, Erin. Airbnb prices I.P.O. at $68 a share, for a $47 billion valuation. The New York Times, New York, 11 dez. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/09/business/airbnb-ipo-price.html. Acesso em: 28 jul. 2023.

HOF, A.; SMIGIEL, C. Touristifizierung des Wohnens durch Airbnb in Salzburg Housing - Touristification by short-term rentals (Airbnb) in Salzburg. Berichte Geographie und Landeskunde, [s. l.], v. 93, n. 3, p. 200-220, Dec. 2020.

HOW IS AIRBNB doing in Japan one year after licensing starts? Steady progress but some problems remain. Real Estate Japan Blog, [s. l.], 31 Mar. 2019. Disponível em: https://resources.realestate.co.jp/news/how-is-airbnb-doing-in-japan-one-year-after-licensing-starts-steady-progress-but-some-problems-remain/. Acesso em: 8 jun. 2023.

JUN, Xie.; MINGYANG, Tao. Airbnb shuts lodging rental business in China, due to surging costs, COVID-19 impact. Global Times, [s. l.], 24 May. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202205/1266419.shtml. Acesso em: 8 jun. 2023.

MAHAJAN, Neelima. How Tujia, ‘China’s Airbnb’, is different from Airbnb. Forbes India, [s. l.], 19 Dec. 2017. Disponível em: https://www.forbesindia.com/article/ckgsb/how-tujia-chinas-airbnb-is-different-from-airbnb/48853/1. Acesso em: 7 jun. 2023.

MEDVEDEVA, N. The Romantic Anti-Capitalisms of Short-Term Rental Hosting. Antipode, Hoboken, p. 1-19, mar. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12938.

NAVARRETE ESCOBEDO, David. Foreigners as gentrifiers and tourists in a Mexican historic district. Urban Studies, v. 57, n. 15, p. 3151-3158, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019896532.

PIRACHA, Awais; SHARPLES, Rachel; FORREST, Jim; DUNN, Kevin. Racism in the sharing economy: Regulatory challenges in a neo-liberal cyber world. Geoforum, Amsterdam, v. 98, p. 144-152, Jan. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.11.007.

POGASH, Carol. Gentrification Spreads an upheaval in San Francisco’s Mission District. The New York Times, San Francisco, 25 May. 2015. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes. com/2015/05/23/us/high-rents-elbow-latinos-from-san-franciscos-mission-district.html. Acesso em: 7 jun. 2023.

POLLIO, A. Uber, airports, and labour at the infrastructural interfaces of platform urbanism. Geoforum, Amsterdam, v. 118, p. 47-55, jan. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.11.010.

PRIEN, B.; GRAZ, A. S. Recht auf digitale Stadt – Right to the digital city. Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie, [s. l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. 337-362, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/8.1.14.

REAL ESTATE JAPAN forms alliance with Airbnb Japan to promote private home sharing. Japan Today, Tokyo, 16 Aug. 2018. Disponível em: https://japantoday.com/category/business/real-estate-japan-to-form-alliance-with-airbnb-japan. Acesso em: 8 jun. 2023.

SHORTELL, David. Los nómadas digitales llegan a Ciudad de México y los precios de la vivienda suben. The New York Times, Ciudad de México, 28 Dec. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/es/2022/12/28/espanol/mexico-precio-airbnb.html. Acesso em: 7 jun. 2023.

SMIGIEL, Christian; HOF, Angela; KAUTZSCHMANN, Karolin; SEIDL, Roman. No sharing! A mixed methods study of short-term rentals and its socio-spatial implications in the city of Salzburg. Spatial Research and Planning, Hanover, v. 78, n. 2, p. 153-170, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rara-2019-0054.

SÖDERSTRÖM, Ola; MERMET, Anne-Cécile. When Airbnb Sits in the Control Room: Platform Urbanism as Actually Existing Smart Urbanism in Reykjavík. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, [s. l.], v. 2, p. 1-7, 14 maio 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2020.00015.

SOUZA, Rafael Braga de; LEONELLI, Gisella Cunha Viana. Airbnb no Brasil: uma nova agenda de pesquisa para os estudos urbanos. Urbe: Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana, Curitiba, v. 13, p. 1-15, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/21753369.013.e20200400.

SPANGLER, Ian. Hidden value in the platform’s platform: Airbnb, displacement, and the un-homing spatialities of emotional labour. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, v. 45, n. 3, p. 1-14, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12367.

TRAVEL LIKE A Human With Joe Gebbia, Co-founder of AirBnB! Allentrepreneur, [s. l.], 26 Aug. 2009. Disponível em: https://allentrepreneur.wordpress.com/2009/08/26/travel-like-a-human-with-joe-gebbia-co-founder-of-airbnb/. Acesso em: 28 jul. 2023.

VAN DIJCK, J.; POELL, T.; DE WAAL, M. The Platform Society: Public Values in a Connective World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.

VAN DOORN, Niels. A new institution on the block: On platform urbanism and Airbnb citizenship. New Media & Society, Thousand Oaks, v. 22, n. 10, p. 1808-1826, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/146144481988437.

WILSON, Julie; GARAY-TAMAJON, Lluís; MORALES-PEREZ, Soledad. Politicising platform-mediated tourism rentals in the digital sphere: Airbnb in Madrid and Barcelona. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Abingdon, v. 30, n. 5, p. 1080-1101, Jan. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0966 9582.2020.1866585.

ZAVERI, Mihir. Airbnb sues New York City over limits on short-term rentals. The New York Times, New York, 1 June 2023. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/01/nyregion/airbnb-sues-nyc-rentals.html. Acesso em: 6 jun. 2023.

Published

2024-04-05

Issue

Section

Dossiê: Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Design na produção da cidade neoliberal

How to Cite

Cruvinel, A. C. F. (2024). Airbnb as platform urbanism: general aspects and paths towards a multi-scalar approach. Pós. Revista Do Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Arquitetura E Urbanismo Da FAUUSP, 31(58), e214821. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-2762.posfauusp.2024.214821

Funding data