Duas abordagens do planejamento a longo prazo

Abstract

Planning at the organizational level to adapt to environmental changes can be divided into two types: the incremental or satisfying approach and the systems or rationalcomprehensive approach. The characteristics of each planning type are presented and discussed. Six factors are selected to demonstrate the fundamental differences between the two approaches to planning: assumptions about man; assumptions about organizational change; the problem of goal conflict; the problem of goal suboptimizations; the reduction of incertainty; and the power issue. Systems planning treats the planning process as being one which deals primarily with the flow of information. This approach generates information for action but tends to not link information with action. Incremental planning treats the planning process as being primarily one of negotiating for acceptable solutions. This approach tends to generate too little information for. effective action. It is concluded that the real challenge in strategic planning is to integrate the theory and method of organizational development with the planning technologies of the systems approach and the negotiated handling of power and conflict issues which is the strength of the incremental approach.