Influência da folga orçamentária e de elementos do processo orçamentário nas percepções de justiça

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113780

Palabras clave:

folga orçamentária, participação orçamentária, metas orçamentárias, justiça distributiva, justiça processual

Resumen

Este estudo examinou as relações entre elementos do processo orçamentário (participação orçamentária, uso das metas orçamentárias para avaliação de desempenho e uso das metas orçamentárias para fins de remuneração variável), folga orçamentária e percepções de justiça, na presunção de que a folga orçamentária seja um antecedente das percepções de justiça e atue como variável interveniente entre elementos do processo orçamentário e percepções de justiça. Estudos que abarcaram a relação entre justiça e folga não consideraram os aspectos positivos oriundos da folga orçamentária como recursos necessários e emergenciais. Ademais, a maioria dessas pesquisas focalizou a justiça processual e um elemento do processo orçamentário (participação orçamentária), para predizer sentimentos de justiça e constituição de folga. Os resultados do estudo sugerem concepções alternativas para análise da relação entre percepção de justiça e folga orçamentária, para além da lente econômica da segunda. Ao se recorrer à teoria das trocas sociais (social exchange theory – SET), fornece-se uma perspectiva de como elementos do processo orçamentário afetam as percepções de justiça dos gestores e como a folga orçamentária, enquanto recurso de troca econômica e social, molda esses efeitos. Embora pesquisadores já tenham apontado a folga orçamentária como benéfica para a organização, não foram encontrados estudos que a analisaram como preditora das percepções de justiça. Uma survey foi realizada com uma amostra de 114 gestores de empresas e as hipóteses testadas com aplicação da modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados revelam que a folga orçamentária é um elemento inerente ao processo orçamentário, concebido como recurso econômico e socioemocional, conforme fundamentos da SET, e utilizado pelas organizações com vistas em maiores percepções de justiça. A folga orçamentária é essencial para predizer sentimentos de justiça distributiva e processual dos gestores acerca do processo orçamentário.

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Publicado

2022-05-05

Número

Sección

Artículos Originales

Cómo citar

Santos, V. dos, Beuren, I. M., & Skrepitz, S. (2022). Influência da folga orçamentária e de elementos do processo orçamentário nas percepções de justiça. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 33(89), 200-215. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113780