Collaborative disaster mapping: openStreetMap data quality analysis and Cyclone Idai in Mozambique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/eISSN.2236-2878.rdg.2024.206736Keywords:
Volunteered geographic information, Humanitarian mapping, Climate disastersAbstract
In 2019, the city of Beira in Mozambique was ravaged by the passage of tropical cyclone Idai, which destroyed 90% of the city with over 600 fatalities and thousands of people needing essential health services. Systematic mapping of the country is outdated and uneven in coverage, making decision-making difficult given the country's constant vulnerability to events like this. OpenStreetMap (OSM) collaborative mapping has been considered an alternative in the absence of official maps. In disasters, contributors to the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) come together to generate geospatial data immediately to support rescue and assistance to displaced populations. Mozambique has benefited from 64 humanitarian mapping campaigns, which have produced vital data to prepare for upcoming disasters. This paper presents a method to assess the intrinsic quality parameters of OSM data produced between 2015 and 2019 for the city of Beira and analyse the influence of HOT campaigns on activities related to Cyclone Idai. The analysis of the results shows that, despite the large volume of data obtained, most of them were generated by users from other countries, lacking toponyms and the inclusion of local communities. This experience shows the importance of establishing local communities of mappers, such as the YouthMappers network so that creating and using collaborative spatial data for disaster preparedness and response is fostered in counterpoint to data colonialism.
Downloads
References
SKOPELITI, A. Measures and Indicators of VGI Quality: An Overview. In: ISPRS GEOSPATIAL WEEK 2015, 28 Sep - 03 Oct 2015, La Grande Motte, France: Annals of the ISPRS Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, v.II-3-W5, 2015. p. 345-351.
ARAÚJO, M. G. M. de. Os Espaços Urbanos em Moçambique. GEOUSP Espaço e Tempo, v.7(2), 165-182, 2003. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2179-0892.
AUER, M.; FENDRICH, S.; KOWATSCH, F.; RAIFER, M.; TROILO, R.; ECKLE, M.; GRIESBAUM, L.; MARX, S.; SCHOTT, M.; ZIPF, A. Towards using the potential of OpenStreetMap history for disaster activation monitoring. In: GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE FOR CRISIS MANAGEMENT (GIS). Proceedings of the 15th ISCRAM Conference, Rochester, NY, USA, 2018. p. 317-325.
BARRON, C.; NEIS, P.; ZIPF, A. A comprehensive framework for intrinsic OpenStreetMap quality analysis. Transactions in GIS, v.18(6), 877-895, 2014.
CAMBOIM, S.P.; BRAVO, J.V.M.; SLUTER, C.R. An investigation into the completeness of, and updates to, the Open Street Map data in a heterogeneous area in Brazil. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, v. 4(3), 1366-1388, 2015.
CROESE, S.; DOMINIQUE, M.; RAIMUNDO, I. M. Co-producing urban knowledge in Angola and Mozambique: towards meeting SDG 11. npj Urban Sustainability, v. 1(1), 1-10, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-020-00006-6.
DSG – DIRETORIA DO SERVIÇO GEOGRÁFICO DO EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO. ET-CQDG – Especificação Técnica para Controle de Qualidade de Dados Geoespaciais, Brasília, 2016.
ELWOOD, S. Critical issues in participatory GIS: deconstructions, reconstructions, and new research directions. Transactions in GIS, v.10(5), 693-708, 2006.
FILA, M.; ŠTAMPACH, R. The Use of Artificial Intelligence for Humanitarian Mapping. 2022. Disponível em: https://repozitar.cz/publication/52947/en/The-Use-of-Artificial-Intelligence-for-Humanitarian-Mapping/Fila-Stampach. Acesso em: 20 maio 2024.
FINCH, V.C.; TREWARTHA, G.T. Elements of Geography, Physical and Cultural. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1942. 823p.
GRINBERGER, A.Y.; SCHOTT, M.; RAIFER,M.; ZIPF, A. An analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of large-scale data production events in OpenStreetMap. Transactions in GIS , 25(2), 622-641, 2021.
HAKLAY, M. How Good is Volunteered Geographical Information? A Comparative Study of OpenStreetMap and Ordnance Survey Datasets. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, v. 37(4), 682-703, 2010a. https://doi.org/10.1068/b35097.
HAKLAY, M.; BASIOUKA, S.; ANTONIOU, V.; ATHER, A. How Many Volunteers Does It Take To Map An Area Well? The validity of Linus' law to Volunteered Geographic Information. The Cartographic Journal, v. 47(4), 315-322, 2010b.
HAKLAY, M.; MAZUMDAR, S.; WARDLAW, J. Citizen Science For Observing and Understanding the Earth. In: MATHIEU, P.P., AUBRECHT, C. (eds) Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation. ISSI Scientific Report Series, v. 15. Springer, Cham., 69-88, 2018.
HAO, L.; HERFORT, B.; HUANG, W.; MOHAMMED, Z.; ZIPF, A. Exploration of OpenStreetMap Missing Built-up Areas using Twitter Hierarchical Clustering and Deep Learning in Mozambique. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v.166, 41-51, 2020.
HERFORT, B.; LAUTENBACH, S.; PORTO DE ALBUQUERQUE, J.; ANDERSON, J.; ZIPF, A. Investigating the digital divide in OpenStreetMap: spatio-temporal analysis of inequalities in global urban building completeness. Pre-print, posted 26 Aug, 2022.
HERFORT, B.; LAUTENBACH, S.; PORTO DE ALBUQUERQUE, J.; ANDERSON, J.; ZIPF, A. The evolution of humanitarian mapping within the OpenStreetMap community. Scientific Reports, v.11(3037), 01-15, 2021.
HOT – HUMANITARIAN OPENSTREETMAP TEAM, Campaign filters, Mozambique, 2020. Disponível em: <https://www.hotosm.org/where-we-work/mozambique/>.
IBGE – INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍTICA. Classificação e caracterização dos espaços rurais e urbanos do Brasil: uma primeira aproximação. IBGE, Coordenação de Geografia, Rio de Janeiro, IBGE, 2017.
INE – INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTATÍTICA. Censos, Mozambique, 2019. Disponível em: <http://www.ine.gov.mz/operacoes-estatisticas/censos>.
INGC – INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE GESTÃO DE CALAMIDADES. Avaliação Rápida Multissectorial Pós-ciclone IDAI: 14 Distritos das províncias de Sofala e Manica, Moçambique, 1 - 17 de abril de 2019a. Disponível em: <https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Mozambique_ARM_20190425_final_PT.pdf. >.
INGC – INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE GESTÃO DE CALAMIDADES. Divisão Administrativa da Cidade da Beira, arquivos shapefile, 2019b. Disponível em: <https://data.humdata.org/dataset/mozambique-admin-level-4-beira-and-dondo-neighbourhood-boundaries?force_layout=desktop>.
INSPIRE. Data Quality. [s.d.]. Disponível em: <https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/training/data-quality>. Acesso em: 23 ago 2023.
ISO/TC211 – INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. ISO 19157:2013 Geographic Information – Data Quality, Switzerland, 2013.
KLIMEŠ, P. Využití budov předem vygenerovaných umělou inteligencí pro dobrovolnické mapování. Masarykova univerzita, Přírodovědecká fakulta, 2023. Disponível em: https://is.muni.cz/th/ghahb/?studium=159888;lang=cs;id=250566. Acessoem: 20 maio 2024.
MADUBEDUBE, A.; COETZEE, S.; RAUTENBACH, V. A. Contributor-Focused Intrinsic Quality Assessment of OpenStreetMap in Mozambique Using Unsupervised Machine Learning. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, v.10 (156), 01-19, 2021.
MICOA - MINISTÉRIO PARA COORDENAÇÃO DA AÇÃO AMBIENTAL. Plano de Ação Nacional de Combate à Seca e à Desertificação. 2002. Disponível em: <http://www.unccd.int/ActionProgrammes/mozambique-other>.
MOÇAMBIQUE. CENACARTA - CENTRO NACIONAL DE CARTOGRAFIA E TELEDETECÇÃO. Normas e Procedimentos de Fornecimento e Difusão de Informação Geo-referenciada ao Público. Maputo, 2006.
MOONEY, P.; CORCORAN, P.; WINSTANLEY, A. Towards quality metrics for OpenStreetMap. In: Proceedings of the Eighteenth ACM SIGSpatial International Conference On Advances In Geographic Information Systems, San Jose, California, 514-517, 2010.
NASIRI, A.; ALI ABBASPOUR, R.; CHEHREGHAN, A.; JOKAR ARSANJANI, J. Improving the quality of citizen contributed geodata through their historical contributions: The case of the road network in OpenStreetMap. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(7), 253, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7070253.
NEIS, P.; ZIPF, A. Analyzing the contributor activity of a volunteered geographic information project–The case of OpenStreetMap. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, v.1(2), 146-165, 2012.
NEIS, P.; ZIELSTRA, D.; ZIPF, A. Comparison of volunteered geographic information data contributions and community development for selected world regions. Future Internet, v.5(2), 282-300, 2013.
PAIVA, C. DOS A.; CAMBOIM, S.P. Inference of positional accuracy of collaborative data from intrinsic parameters, Transactions in GIS, 26(4), 1898-1913, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12913.
PETRICOLA, S.; REINMUTH, M.; LAUTENBACH, S.; HATFIELD, C.; ZIPF, A. Assessing road criticality and loss of healthcare accessibility during floods: the case of Cyclone Idai, Mozambique 2019. International Journal of Health Geographics, v.21(14), 01-16, 2022.
SENARATNE, HANSI; MOBASHERI, AMIN; LOAI, A. ALI; CAPINERI, CRISTINA; HAKLAY, MORDECHAI. A review of volunteered geographic information quality assessment methods. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, v.31(1), 139-167, 2017.
SOLÍS, P.; RAJAGOPALAN, S.; VILLA, L.; MOHIUDDIN, M. B.; BOATENG, E.; NAKACWA, S.W.; VALENCIA, M.F.P. Digital Humanitarians for the Sustainable Development Goals: YouthMappers as a hybrid movement. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, v. 44, 01-21, 2020.
SOLÍS, P.; ANDERSON, J.; RAJAGOPALAN, S. Open geospatial tools for humanitarian data creation, analysis, and learning through the global lens of YouthMappers. Journal of Geographical Systems, v. 23, 599-625, 2021.
SOLÍS, P.; ZEBALLOS, M. (Eds.) Open Mapping towards Sustainable Development Goals - Voices of YouthMappers on Community Engaged Scholarship. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Switzerland: Springer Cham, 2023.
SPECHT, D. Mapping in times of crisis. In: SPECHT, D. (Editor) Mapping Crisis: Participation, Datafication and Humanitarianism in the Age of Digital Mapping. London: University of London Press, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 2020. p. xiii–xiv.
STONE, KIRK H. The Development of A Focus for the Geography of Settlement. Economic Geography. v 41(4), 346–55, 1965.
TIAN, Y. J; ZHOU, QI; FU, XIAOLIN. An Analysis of the Evolution, Completeness and Spatial Patterns of OpenStreetMap Building Data in China. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., v8(1), 35, 01-16, 2019.
TOUYA, G.; ANTONIOU, V.; CHRISTOPHE, S.; SKOPELITI, A. Production of Topographic Maps with VGI: Quality Management and Automation. In: FOODY, G.; SEE, L.; FRITZ, S.; MOONEY, P.; OLTEANU-RAIMOND, A.-M.; FONTE, C. C.; ANTONIOU, V. (Eds.). Mapping and the Citizen Sensor. London: Ubiquity Press Ltd., 2017. p. 61-92.
YOUNG, J. C. The new knowledge politics of digital colonialism. EPA: Economy and Space, v. 51(7), 1424-1441, 2019.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Idalécio Pascoal Joaquim, Adriana Alexandria Machado, Silvana Philippi Camboim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution BY-NC-SA que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista. A licença adotada enquadra-se no padrão CC-BY-NC-SA.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
