Smoking prevalence and economic crisis in Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055002768Palavras-chave:
Tobacco use disorder, epidemiology, Poverty, Health impact assessment, Financial managementResumo
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of the 2015–2018 economic crisis on tobacco consumption in Brazil. METHODS: This is an interrupted time series analysis conducted with data from 27 cities collected by VIGITEL, using linear regression models to account for first-order autocorrelation. Analyses were conducted based on gender, age group, and education level. RESULTS: Smoking rates decreased between 2006 and 2018, decelerating after the crisis onset. Differently than women, men showed an immediate but transient increase in smoking, followed by a decelerated decrease. Those over 65 also showed increased smoking rates immediately after the economic crisis onset, but decline accelerated later on. In turn, we found a trend reversal among those aged 31–44. Rates also decreased among those with lower education levels, but decelerated among those with more years of schooling. CONCLUSION: An economic crisis have varied impacts on the smoking habits of different population groups. Tobacco control policies should entail a detailed understanding of smoking epidemiology, especially during an economic crisis. DESCRIPTORS: Tobacco Use Disorder, epidemiology. Poverty. Health Impact Assessment. Financial Management
Referências
GBD 2015 Tobacco Collaborators. Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 201713;389(10082):1885-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-X
Brasil. Vigitel Brasil 2018: vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico: estimativas sobre frequência e distribuição sociodemográfica de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas nas capitais dos 26 estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal em 2018. 1st rev. ed. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2019.
DataBank: Brazil [Internet]. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. 2018 [cited 2019 Nov 16]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/country/Brazil
Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua: 3º trimestre 2020 [Internet]. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2020 [cited 2019 Nov 16]. Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/trabalho/9173-pesquisa-nacional-por-amostra-de-domicilios-continua-trimestral.html?edicao=25199&t=resultados
Souza LEPF, Barros RD, Barreto ML, Katikireddi SV, Hone TV, Sousa RP, et al. The potential impact of austerity on attainment of the sustainable development goals in Brazil. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4(5):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001661
Malta DC, Duncan BB, Barros MBA, Katikireddi SV, Souza FM, Silva AG, et al. Fiscal austerity measures hamper noncommunicable disease control goals in Brazil. Cienc Saude Colet. 2018;23(10):3115-22. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182310.25222018
Abbey A., Smith MJ, Scott RO. The relationship between reasons for drinking alcohol and alcohol consumption: an interactional approach. Addict Behav. 1993;18(6):659-70.
Kendzor DE, Businelle MS, Costello TJ, Castro Y, Reitzel LR, Cofta-Woerpel LM, et al. Financial strain and smoking cessation among racially/ethnically diverse smokers. Am J Public Health. 20101;100(4):702-6. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.172676
Shaw BA, Agahi N, Krause N. Are changes in financial strain associated with changes in alcohol use and smoking among older adults? J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2011;72(6):917-25. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2011.72.917
He Y, Shang C, Chaloupka FJ. The association between cigarette affordability and consumption: an update. PLoS One. 20185;13(12):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200665
Tarantilis F, Athanasakis K, Zavras D, Vozikis A, Kyriopoulos I. Estimates of price and income elasticity in Greece. Greek debt crisis transforming cigarettes into a luxury good: an econometric approach. BMJ Open. 20155;5(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004748
Gallus S, Ghislandi S, Muttarak R, Bosetti C. Effects of the economic crisis on smoking prevalence and number of smokers in the USA. Tob Control. 2015;24(1):82-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050856
Blakely T, van der Deen FS, Woodward A, Kawachi I, Carter K. Do changes in income, deprivation, labour force status and family status influence smoking behaviour over the short run? Panel study of 15,000 adults. Tob Control. 2014;23(2):106-13. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050944
Mattei G, De Vogli R, Ferrari S, Pingani L, Rigatelli M, Galeazzi GM. Impact of the economic crisis on health-related behaviors in Italy. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2017;63(7):649-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764017726097
Bernal JL, Cummins S, Gasparrini A. Interrupted time series regression for the evaluation of public health interventions: a tutorial. Int J Epidemiol. 20171;46(1):348-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw098
Bercu B, Proïa F. A sharp analysis on the asymptotic behavior of the Durbin–Watson statistic for the first-order autoregressive process. ESAIM: PS. 2013;17:500-30. https://doi.org/10.1051/ps/2012005
Barbosa-Filho, FH. A crise econômica de 2014/2017. Estud Av. 2017;31(89):51-60. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-40142017.31890006
Carvalho L. Valsa brasileira: Do boom ao caos econômico. São Paulo: Editora Todavia; 2018. 192 p.
Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo – IPCA: O que é [Internet]. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/economicas/precos-e-custos/9256-indice-nacional-de-precos-ao-consumidor-amplo.html?t=o-que-e&utm_source=landing&utm_medium=explica&utm_campaign=pib
Brasil. Vigitel Brasil 2006: vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico: estimativas sobre frequência e distribuição sociodemográfica de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas nas capitais dos 26 estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal em 2018. 1st rev. ed. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2007. 298 p.
Szklo AS, Almeida LM, Figueiredo VC, Autran M, Malta D, Caixeta R, et al. A snapshot of the striking decrease in cigarette smoking prevalence in Brazil between 1989 and 2008. Prev Med. 2012;54(2):162-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.12.005
Malta DC, Silva AG, Machado IE, Sá ACMGN, Santos FM, Prates EJS, et al. Trends in smoking prevalence in all Brazilian capitals between 2006 and 2017. J Bras Pneumol. 2019;45(5):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-3713/e20180384
Uphoff EP, Small N, Picket KE. Using birth cohort data to assess the impact of the UK 2008-2010 economic recession on smoking during pregnancy. Nicotine Tob Res. 201917; 21(8):1021-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty083
Ruhm CJ. Healthy living in hard times. J Health Econ. 2015;24(2):341-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.09.007
Jofre-Bonet M, Serra-Sastre V, Vandoros S. The impact of the Great Recession on health-related risk factors, behaviour and outcomes in England. Soc Sci Med. 2018;197:213-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.010
Rathmann K, Pförtner TK, Elgar FJ, Hurrelmann K, Richter M. The Great Recession, adolescent smoking, and smoking inequalities: what role does youth unemployment play in 24 European countries? Nicotine Tob. Res. 20171;19(11):1284-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw298
Ásgeirsdóttir TL, Corman H, Noonan K, Reichman NE. Lifecycle effects of a recession on health behaviors: Boom, bust, and recovery in Iceland. Econ Hum Biol. 2016;20:90-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2015.11.001
Ásgeirsdóttir TL, Corman H, Noonan K, Ólafsdóttir Þ, Reichman NE. Are recessions good for your health behaviors? Impacts of the economic crisis in Iceland. 2012. Working Paper 18233. NBER Economics, 2012. 50 p. Available from: http://www.nber.org/papers/w18233
Paes NL. Fatores econômicos e diferenças de gênero na prevalência do tabagismo em adultos. Cienc Saude Colet. 2016;21(1):53-61. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015211.00162015.
Almeida LM, Silva RP, Santos ATC, Andrade JD, Suarez MC. Névoas, vapores e outras volatilidades ilusórias dos cigarros eletrônicos. Cad Saude Publica 2017;33(Suppl 3):125-37. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00139615
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Luis Eugenio de Souza, Davide Rasella, Rafael Barros, Erick Lisboa, Déborah Malta, Martin Mckee
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Como Citar
Dados de financiamento
-
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Números do Financiamento 88887.370120/2019-00
