Idade gestacional, crescimento intrauterino e composição corporal aos 11 anos de idade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004022Palavras-chave:
Desenvolvimento Infantil, Composição Corporal, Idade Gestacional, Pletismografia, Estudos de CoortesResumo
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação da idade gestacional (IG) e crescimento intrauterino com a composição corporal aos 11 anos de idade. MÉTODO: Análise de dados da coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas de 2004, cujos desfechos foram massa gorda (MG, kg), índice de massa gorda (IMG, kg/m2), massa livre de gordura (MLG, kg), índice de massa livre de gordura (IMLG, kg/m2) – medidos por pletismografia por deslocamento de ar –, e índice de massa corporal para idade (IMC/Idade, escore-Z). Sendo as exposições de interesse o índice gestacional (IG) de nascidos com menos de 33 semanas, de 34 a 36 e de 37 a 41, e crescimento intrauterino categorizado em pequeno para a idade gestacional (PIG), adequado (AIG) e grande (GIG). Para comparar médias, utilizou-se análise de variância e, para avaliar a força de associação, regressão linear. As análises foram ajustadas de acordo com variáveis coletadas ao nascer, como renda familiar mensal, características maternas – escolaridade, idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC) pré-gestacional, ganho de peso na gestação, tabagismo na gestação, tipo de parto e paridade – e características dos adolescentes – cor da pele e peso ao nascer. Para análise, o MG e o IMG sofreram transformação logarítmica devido a assimetria dos dados. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 3.401 adolescentes, entre meninos e meninas nascidos com menos de 33 semanas, com médias de MG e MLG menores que as dos nascidos(as) a termo. Porém, nas análises ajustadas, não houve associação entre IG e qualquer um dos desfechos em ambos os sexos. Meninos GIG apresentaram IMG 10,5% maior (p = 0,026) e +0,3 escore-Z de IMC/Idade (p = 0,019) em relação aos AIG, e meninas GIG apresentaram +0,3 kg/m2 de IMLG (p = 0,039) do que as AIG. CONCLUSÃO: A IG não se associou à composição corporal aos 11 anos. Entretanto, meninos GIG apresentaram maiores IMG e escore-Z de IMC/Idade e meninas GIG, maior IMLG, quando comparados aos AIG.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Caroline Cardozo Bortolotto, Iná da Silva dos Santos, Juliana dos Santos Vaz, Alicia Matijasevich
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