Marginality, ethnicity and penality in the neoliberal city: an analytic cartography

Authors

  • Loïc Wacquant Centro Europeu de Sociologia e Ciência Política

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-20702014000200009

Abstract

This article draws an analytic map of the research programme pursued across my three books Urban Outcasts (2008), Punishing the Poor (2009), and Deadly Symbiosis: Race and the Rise of the Penal State (in press). In this trilogy, I disentangle the triangular nexus of class fragmentation, ethnic division, and state-crafting in the polarizing city at century's turn to explain the political production, sociospatial distribution, and punitive management of marginality through the wedding of disciplinary social policy and neutralizing criminal justice. I signpost how I deployed key notions from Pierre Bourdieu (social space, bureaucratic field, symbolic power) to clarify categories left hazy (such as the ghetto) and to forge new concepts (territorial stigmatization and advanced marginality, punitive containment and liberal paternalism, hyperincarceration and negative sociodicy) as tools for the comparative sociology of the unfinished genesis of the post-industrial precariat, the penal regulation of poverty in the age of diffusing social insecurity, and the building of the neo-liberal Leviathan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Barbier, Jean-Claude. (2009), “Le workfare et l’activation de la protection sociale, vingt ans après: beaucoup de bruit pour rien? Contribution à un bilan qui reste à faire”. Lien Social et Politiques, 61: 23-36.

Bourdieu, Pierre. (1989), La noblesse d’État: grandes écoles et esprit de corps. Paris, Minuit.

______. (1991), Langage and symbolic power. Organização e introdução de John Thompson. Cambridge, Reino Unido, Polity Press.

______. (1993), “Esprits d’État: genèse et structure du champ bureaucratique”. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 96-97: 49-62.

______. (1994), Raisons pratiques: sur la théorie de l’action. Paris, Seuil (trad. bras.: Razões práticas: sobre a teoria da ação. Trad. Marisa Corrêa. 9. ed. Campinas, Papirus, 2008).

______. (1997), Méditations pascaliennes. Paris, Seuil (trad. bras. Meditações pascalianas. Rio de Janeiro, Bertrand Brasil, 2001).

______ & Wacquant, Loïc. (1992), An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Broeders, Dennis & Engbersen, Godfried. (2007), “The fight against illegal migration: identification policies and immigrants’ counterstrategies”. American Behavioral Scientist, 50 (12): 1592-1609.

Castel, Robert. (1996), Les métamorphoses de la question sociale: une chronique du salariat. Paris, Fayard (trad. bras.: Metamorfoses da questão social: uma crônica do salário. Petrópolis, Vozes, 1998).

Castells, Manuel. (2000), End of millennium: the information age – economy, society, and culture. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, vol. 3 (trad. bras.: O fim do milênio: a era da informação – economia, sociedade e cultura. São Paulo, Paz e Terra, 2002),

Davis, James F. (1991), Who is black? One nation’s definition. University Park, Pennsylvania State University Press.

Durkheim, Émile. ([1893] 2007), De la division du travail social. Paris, puf (trad. bras.: Da divisão social do trabalho. São Paulo, Martins Fontes, 2004).

Elias, Norbert & Scotson, John L. ([1965] 1994), The established and the outsiders. Londres, Sage (trad. bras.: Os estabelecidos e os outsiders: sociologia das relações de poder a partir de uma comunidade. Rio de Janeiro, Jorge Zahar, 2000).

Fassin, Didier & Fassin, Éric (eds.). (2006), De la question sociale à la question raciale? Représenter la société française. Paris, La Découverte.

Foucault, Michel. (1975), Surveiller et punir: naissance de la prison. Paris, Gallimard (trad. bras.: Vigiar e punir. Petrópolis, Vozes, 1977).

Garapon, Antoine & Salas, Denis. (2006), Les nouvelles sorcières de Salem: leçons d’Outreau. Paris, Seuil.

Garland, David. (2001), The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary society. Chicago, University of Chicago Press (trad. bras.: A cultura do controle: crime e ordem social na sociedade contemporânea. Rio de Janeiro, Revan, 2008).

Geremek, Bronislaw. ([1978] 1987), La potence ou la pitié: l’Europa et les pauvres du Moyen Âge à nos jours. Paris, Gallimard (trad. port.: A piedade e a forca: história da miséria e da piedade na Europa. Lisboa, Terramar, 1998).

Goffman, Erving. (1964), Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, Nova Jersey, Prentice-Hall (trad. bras.: Estigma: notas sobre a manipulação da identidade deteriorada. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, 1988).

Harvey, David. (1989), “From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: the transformation in urban governance in late capitalism”. Geografiska Annaler, 71 (1): 3-17.

______. (2005), A brief history of neoliberalism. Nova York, Oxford University Press.

Kafka, Franz. ([1914] 2011), In the penal colony. Nova York, Penguin (trad. bras.: Na colônia penal. São Paulo, Brasiliense, 1986).

Lis, Catharina & Soly, Hugo. (1979), Poverty and capitalism in pre-industrial Europe. Londres, Harvester Press.

Littré, Émile. (1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française. Paris, Hachette.

Lødemel, Ivar & Trickey, Heather. (2001), “An offer you can’t refuse”: workfare in international perspective. Bristol, Policy Press.

Müller, Markus M. (2012), “The rise of the penal State in America Latina”. Contemporary Justice Review, 15 (1): 57-76.

Ndiaye, Pap. (2008), La condition noire: essai sur une minorité française. Paris, Calmann-Lévy.

Novak, Michael J. (2008), “The myth of the ‘weak’ American State”. The American Historical Review, 113 (3): 752-772.

Peck, Jamie. (2001), Workfare States. Nova York, The Guilford Press.

Piven, Frances Fox & Cloward, Richard A. ([1971] 1993), Regulating the poor: the functions of public welfare. Nova York, Vintage.

Rusche, Georg & Kirchheimer, Otto. ([1939] 2003), Punishment and social structure. Introdução de Dario Melossi. New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers.

Ryan, Benard & Mitsilegas, Valsamis (eds.). (2010), Extraterritorial imigration control. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Slater, Tom, Pereira, Virgílio & Wacquant, Loïc. (no prelo), “Territorial stigmatization in action”. Environment & Planning E.

Squires, Peter & Lea, John (eds.). (2012), Criminalisation and advanced marginality: critically exploring the work of Loïc Wacquant. Bristol, Policy Press.

Wacquant, Loïc. (1989), “The puzzle of race and class in American society and social science”. Benjamin E. Mays Monograph Series, 2 (1): 7-20.

______. (1996), “Un mariage dans le gueto”. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 113: 63-84.

______. (1997a), “For an analytic of racial domination”. Political Power and Social Theory, 11 (1): 221-234.

______. (1997b), “Three pernicious premises in the study of the American ghetto”. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 21 (2): 341-353.

______. (1998), “Inside the zone: the social art of the Hustler in the black American ghetto”. Theory, Culture & Society, 15 (2): 1-36, maio.

______. (1999), Les prisons de la misère. Paris, Raisons d’Agir (trad. bras.: As prisões da miseria. Rio de Janeiro, Jorge Zahar, 2001 [edição ampliada]; 2. ed., 2005; 3. ed., 2007; 4. ed., 2009; edição do 10º aniversário, atualizada e ampliada, 2012.).

______. (2001), “Deadly symbiosis: When ghetto and prison meet and mesh”. Punishment & Society, 3 (1): 95-133.

______. ([2000] 2004), Body and soul: notebooks of an apprentice boxer. Nova York, Oxford University Press (trad. bras.: Corpo e alma: notas etnográficas de um aprendiz de boxe. Rio de Janeiro, Relume Dumará, 2002).

______. (2005a), “Les deux visages du gueto: construire un concept sociologique”. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 160: 4-21.

_______. (2005b), “Race as civic felony”. International Social Science Journal, 181:127-142 (trad. port.: “A raça como crime cívico”. Sociologia: problemas e práticas. Lisboa, 15: 9-41, 2005).

______. (2005c), “‘Enemies of the wholesome part of the nation’: postcolonial migrants in the prisons of Europe”. Sociologie (Amsterdam), 1 (1): 31-51.

______. (2007), “Territorial stigmatization in the age of advanced marginality”. Thesis Eleven, 91: 66-77, novembro. (Trad. port.: “A estigmatização territorial na idade da marginalidade avançada”. Sociologia: problemas e práticas. Lisboa, 16: 27-39, 2006).

______. (2008a), Urban outcasts: a comparative sociology of advanced marginality. Cambridge, Reino Unido, Polity Press.

______. (2008b), “The militarization of urban marginality: lessons from the Brazilian metropole”. International Political Sociology, 2 (1): 56-74, (trad. bras.: “A militarização da marginalidade urbana: lições da metrópole brasileira”. Discursos Sediciosos: Crime, Direito e Sociedade, 15-16: 203-220, 2007).

______. (2008c), “Ghettos and anti-ghettos: an anatomy of the new urban poverty”. Thesis Eleven, 94: 113-118 (trad. port.: “Guetos e antiguetos: anatomia da nova pobreza urbana”. Cadernos de Ciências Sociais, Porto, 2008).

______. (2009a), Punishing the poor: the neoliberal government of social insecurity.

Durham/Londres: Duke University Press (trad. bras.: Punir os pobres: a nova gestão da miséria nos Estados Unidos. Rio de Janeiro, Freitas Bastos, 2001; 2. ed., Rio de Janeiro, Revan, 2004).

______. (2009b), Prisons of poverty. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press (trad.bras.: As prisões da miséria. Rio de Janeiro, Zahar, 2001).

______. (2009c), “The body, the ghetto and the penal State”. Qualitative Sociology, 32 (1): 101-129.

______. (2010a), “Crafting the neoliberal State: workfare, prisonfare and social insecurity”. Sociological Forum, 25 (2): 197-220 (trad. bras.: “Forjando o Estado neoliberal: ‘workfare’, ‘prisonfare’ e insegurança social”. In: Batista, Vera Malaguti (org.). Loïc Wacquant e a questão penal no capitalismo neoliberal. Rio de Janeiro, Revan, 2012).

______. (2010b), “Urban desolation and symbolic denigration in the hyperghetto”. Social Psychology Quarterly, 20 (3): 1-5.

______. (2010c), “Class, race and hyperincarceration in revanchist America”. Daedalus, 139 (3): 74-90.

______. (2010d), “Prisoner reentry as myth and ceremony”. Dialectical Anthropology, 34 (4): 604-620.

______. (2010e), “La tornade sécuritaire mondiale: néolibéralisme et châtiment à l’aube du vingt-et-unième siècle”. Contretemps, 63: 138-154.

______. (2010f), “Designing urban seclusion in the 21st Century”. Perspecta: The Yale Architectural Journal, 43: 165-178.

______. (2011a), “A Janus-Faced institution of ethnoracial closure: a sociological specification of the ghetto”. In: Hutchison, Ray & Haynes, Bruce (dir.). The ghetto: contemporary global issues and controversies. Boulder, Westview Press, pp. 1-31.

______. (2011b), “The wedding of workfare and prisonfare revisited”. Social Justice, 38 (1-2): 203-221.

______. (2012), “Three steps to a historical anthropology of actually existing neoliberalism”. Social Anthropology, 20 (1): 66-79.

______. (no prelo), Deadly symbiosis: race and the rise of the penal State. Cambridge, Reino Unido, Polity Press.

Weber, Max. ([1915] 1946), “Social psychology of the world religions”. In: Gerth, Hans H. & Mills, C. Wright (orgs.). From Max Weber: essays in sociology. Nova York, Oxford University Press, pp. 267-301 (trad. bras.: “Psicologia social das religiões mundiais”. In: Ensaios de sociologia. Rio de Janeiro, ltc, 1982).

______. ([1921] 1958), The city. Organizado por Don Martindale. Nova York, The Free Press.

______. ([1922] 1978), Economy and society. Berkeley, University of California Press (trad. bras.: Economia e sociedade: fundamentos da sociologia compreensiva. Brasília, Editora unb, 1994).

Wilson, William Julius. ([1978] 1980), The declining significance of race: blacks and changing American institutions. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Published

2014-12-01

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Wacquant, L. (2014). Marginality, ethnicity and penality in the neoliberal city: an analytic cartography . Tempo Social, 26(2), 139-164. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-20702014000200009