Reliability of isokinetic test measurements of the ankle joint
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v25i2a162570Keywords:
Ankle, Muscle Strength, Reproducibility of ResultsAbstract
The isokinetic test of the ankle joint is of great relevance, since it is possible to establish protocols with velocities and modes of contraction similar to those of functional and sports activities. Thus, studies showing the reliability of this tool are needed to assist in the prevention of ankle injuries. Objective: To develop a literature review on studies that addressed the reliability of isokinetic ankle joint tests. Methods: The literature search was performed in Pubmed, Lilacs, Pedro, Scielo, Scopus and Cochrane databases with the scientific descriptors ankle and isokinetic and reliability. Thirty-four articles were identified, four were excluded for not studying humans and 27 were included (10 referring to the reliability of isokinetic tests for ankle inverters and eversors and 17 referring to the reliability of flexor plantar and dorsiflexor tests). Results: The reliability of the isokinetic evaluation of the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors has been described for different dynamometers, positions, modes and populations. Intraclass correlation coefficient values range from 0.55 to 0.98; and that of eversors and inverters range from 0.54 to 0.99, rated in the range of satisfactory to excellent. Conclusion: Isokinetic protocols of the ankle joint should be elaborated according to the recruited musculature and the population (with or without pathology).
Downloads
References
Vannini F, Costa GG, Caravelli S, Pagliazzi G, Mosca M. Treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus in athletes: what is the evidence? Joints. 2016;4(2):111-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11138/jts/2016.4.2.111
O’Sullivan K, O’Ceallaigh B, O’Connell K, Shafat A. The relationship between previous hamstring injury and the concentric isokinetic knee muscle strength of Irish Gaelic footballers. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9:30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-9-30
Willems TM, Witvrouw E, Delbaere K, Philippaerts R, De Bourdeaudhuij I, De Clercq D. Intrinsic risk factors for inversion ankle sprains in females--a prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2005;15(5):336-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00428.x
Dvir Z. Equipamento, parâmetros de teste e resultados em testes. In: Dvir Z. Isocinética: avaliações musculares, interpretações e aplicações clínicas. São Paulo: Manole; 2002. p.799-802.
Petersen J, Hölmich P. Evidence based prevention of hamstring injuries in sport. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(6):319-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.018549
Chamorro C, Armijo-Olivo S, De la Fuente C, Fuentes J, Javier Chirosa L. Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of hand held dynamometry and isokinetic dynamometry in the hip, knee and ankle joint: systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Med (Wars). 2017;12:359-375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2017-0052
Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Bullo V, Vendramin B, Duregon F, Frizziero A, et al. Reliability of a device for the knee and ankle isometric and isokinetic strength testing in older adults. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2017;7(2):323-330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11138/mltj/2017.7.2.323
Fonseca ST, Ocarino JM, Silva PLP, Bricio RSB, Costa CA, Wanner LL. Caracterização da performance muscular em atletas profissionais de futebol. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2007;13(3):143-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922007000300003
Lamontagne A, Malouin F, Richards CL, Dumas F. Evaluation of reflex- and nonreflex-induced muscle resistance to stretch in adults with spinal cord injury using hand-held and isokinetic dynamometry. Phys Ther. 1998;78(9):964-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/78.9.964
Morris-Chatta R, Buchner DM, Lateur BJ, Cress ME, Wagner EH. Isokinetic testing of ankle strength in older adults: assessment of inter-rater reliability and stability of strength over six months. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75(11):1213 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9993(94)90007-8
Wennerberg D.Reliability of an isokinetic dorsiflexion and plantar flexion apparatus. Am J Sports Med. 1991;19(5):519-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659101900519
Webber SC, Porter MM. Reliability of ankle isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic strength and power testing in older women. Phys Ther. 201090(8):1165-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090394
Porter MM, Holmbäck AM, Lexell J. Reliability of concentric ankle dorsiflexion fatigue testing. Can J Appl Physiol. 2002;27(2):116-27. 12179955 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/h02-009
Holmbäck AM, Porter MM, Downham D, Lexell J. Reliability of isokinetic ankle dorsiflexor strength measurements in healthy young men and women. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1999;31(4):229-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/003655099444407
Andersen H. Reliability of isokinetic measurements of ankle dorsal and plantar flexors in normal subjects and in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77(3):265-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90109-4
Möller M, Lind K, Styf J, Karlsson J. The reliability of isokinetic testing of the ankle joint and a heel-raise test for endurance. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13(1):60-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-003-0441-0
Pohl PS, Startzell JK, Duncan PW, Wallace D. Reliability of lower extremity isokinetic strength testing in adults with stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2000; 14(6):601-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/0269215500cr367oa
Eng JJ, Kim CM, Macintyre DL. Reliability of lower extremity strength measures in persons with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(3):322-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2002.29622
Sleivert GG, Wenger HA. Reliability of measuring isometric and isokinetic peak torque, rate of torque development, integrated electromyography, and tibial nerve conduction velocity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75(12):1315-21.
Hartmann A, Knols R, Murer K, Bruin ED. Reproducibility of an isokinetic strength-testing protocol of the knee and ankle in older adults. Gerontology. 2009;55(3):259-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000172832
Nistor L, Markhede G, Grimby G. A technique for measurements of plantar flexion torque with the Cybex II dynamometer. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1982;14(4):163-6.
Hsu AL, Tang PF, Jan MH. Test-retest reliability of isokinetic muscle strength of the lower extremities in patients with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(8):1130-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2002.33652
Ritti-Dias RM, Basyches M, Câmara L, Puech- Leao P, Battistella L, Wolosker N. Test-retest reliability of isokinetic strength and endurance tests in patients with intermittent claudication. Vasc Med. 2010;15(4):275-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863X10371415
Baumhauer JF, Alosa DM, Renström AF, Trevino S, Beynnon B. Test-retest reliability of ankle injury risk factors. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(5):571-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659502300509
Araújo VL, Carvalhais VO, Souza TR, Ocarino JM, Gonçalves GG, Fonseca ST. Validity and reliability of clinical tests for assessing passive ankle stiffness. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011;15(2):166-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S141335552011000200013
Karnofel H, Wilkinson K, Lentell G. Reliability of isokinetic muscle testing at the ankle. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1989;11(4):150-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1989.11.4.150
Wong DLK, Glasheen-Wray M, Andrews LF. Isokinetic Evaluation of the Ankle Invertors and Evertors. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1984;5(5):246-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1984.5.5.246
Leslie M, Zachazewski JE, Browne P. Reliability of isokinetic torque values for ankle-invertors and evertors. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1990;11(12):612-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1990.11.12.612
Cawthorn M, Cummings GS, Walker JR, Donatelli RA. Isokinetic measurement of foot invertor and evertor force in three positions of plantarflexion and dorsiflexion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1991;14(2):75-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1991.14.2.75
Kaminski TW, Buckley BD, Powers ME, Hubbard TJ, Ortiz C. Effect of strength and proprioception training on eversion to inversion strength ratios in subjects with unilateral functional ankle instability. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37(5):410-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.5.410
Munn J, Beard DJ, Refshauge KM, Lee RY. Eccentric muscle strength in functional ankle instability. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(2):245-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000048724.74659.9F
Aydoğ E, Aydoğ ST, Cakci A, Doral MN. Reliability of isokinetic ankle inversion- and eversion-strength measurement in neutral foot position, using the Biodex dynamometer. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2004;12(5):478-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-004-0530-8
Amaral De Noronha M, Borges NG Jr. Lateral ankle sprain: isokinetic test reliability and comparison between invertors and evertors. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2004;19(8):868-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.05.011
Sekir U, Yildiz Y, Hazneci B, Ors F, Aydin T. Effect of isokinetic training on strength, functionality and proprioception in athletes with functional ankle instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15(5):654-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-006-0108-8
Sekir U, Yildiz Y, Hazneci B, Ors F, Saka T, Aydin T. Reliability of a functional test battery evaluating functionality, proprioception, and strength in recreational athletes with functional ankle instability. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2008;44(4):407-15.
