Fragility fracture: risk factors in a retrospective cohort
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v29i3a197435Keywords:
Fractures, Accidental Falls, Osteoporosis, Risk FactorsAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for fragility fractures (FF) in patients admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in the municipality of Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Methods: Sociodemographic, health, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, sun exposure, physical activity level, eating habits), mobility, and dependence level data were collected from the medical records of patients aged 50 years or older, hospitalized with FF, from April to September 2020. Results: A total of 52 patients were hospitalized with FF, 60% had a diagnosis of proximal femur fracture. Only 17.3% of the patients had a previous diagnosis of osteoporosis. The most prevalent risk factors for FF were female gender, cognitive deficit, sarcopenia, dynapenia, family history of osteoporosis or fracture due to fall, low sun exposure, insufficient consumption of milk and dairy products, physical inactivity, and dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living. When comparing the groups with proximal femoral fractures and other fractures, the group with proximal femoral fractures showed a higher frequency of individuals with advanced age (≥ 80 years), cognitive deficit, low weight, sarcopenia, smoking, physical inactivity, and mobility limitation, whereas the group with other fractures presented a higher frequency of family history of osteoporosis or fracture due to fall. Conclusion: The results demonstrated an underdiagnosis of osteoporosis in the studied population. Many modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis and falls have been identified. Interventions toward these risk factors should be considered in order to prevent FF.
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