Food Clock:Mechanisms of Circadian Food Entrainment
Palavras-chave:
Food anticipatory activity, Food entrained oscillator (FEO), Food availability, Anticipatory behaviorResumo
A ritmicidade circadiana é um aspecto comum nos seres vivos, sendo o ciclo claro-escuro de 24h seu sincronizador ambiental mais evidente. A disponibilidade de alimento se constitui também como um sincronizador ambiental para muitas espécies. Em mamíferos, o aumento da locomoção, da vigília e da temperatura central nas horas que antecedem uma oportunidade de alimentação caracterizam a sincronização por alimento, controlada por um oscilador circadiano independente do oscilador fótico (núcleo supraquiasmático). Apesar da sincronização circadiana à alimentação ser bem caracterizada comportamentalmente, não há ainda uma identificação precisa do substrato físico deste oscilador. Nos últimos anos, a sincronização de órgãos periféricos e diversas áreas do sistema nervoso central aos horários de alimentação tem sido descrita, sugerindo uma organização complexa do substrato físico por trás da sincronização por alimento. Nesta revisão, apresentamos as principais características e propriedades da sincronização por alimento. Além disso, discutimos também potenciais mecanismos fisiológicos que promovem a sincronização, dentro da perspectiva de um sistema circadiano multioscilatório.
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