Immunization against covid-19 and mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort

Authors

  • Michelle Fernandez Universidade de Brasília. Instituto de Ciência Política. Brasília, DF, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-0991
  • Alexandre Medeiros de Figueiredo Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Centro de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Promoção da Saúde. João Pessoa, PB, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1433-088X
  • Adriano Massuda Fundação Getulio Vargas. Escola de Administração de Empresas do Estado de São Paulo. Centro de Estudos de Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde (FGV-Saúde). São Paulo, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-136X
  • Agostinho Hermes de Medeiros Neto Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Centro de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Parasitárias e Inflamatórias. João Pessoa, PB, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2351-6491
  • Marcus Carvalho Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Centro de Ciências Aplicadas e Educação. Departamento de Ciências Exatas. Rio Tinto, PB, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3561-8145

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2024058005476

Keywords:

Covid-19, Covid-19 Vaccines, Mortality, Observational Study, Cohort Studies

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines developed against covid-19 in reducing mortality in people hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort that evaluated risk factors and the effectiveness of the two-dose vaccination schedule in reducing the mortality of people hospitalized for covid-19 in the state of Paraíba from February to November 2021. The explanatory variables were vaccination status, presence of comorbidities, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Descriptive analyses and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed.
RESULTS: Most hospitalizations and deaths occurred until May 2021. The percentage of patients with a complete vaccination schedule was similar across patients admitted to public and
private hospitals and higher in residents of less developed municipalities. Multivariable analysis
demonstrated that women (OR = 0.896; 95%CI 0.830–0.967) and people admitted to private hospitals (OR = 0.756; 95%CI 0.679–0.842) were less likely to die. Presence of any comorbidity (OR = 1.627; 95%CI 1.500–1.765) and age ≥ 80 years (OR = 7.426; 95%CI 6.309–8.741) were risk factors for death. Patients with complete vaccination schedule at the time of admission were 41.7% less likely to die (OR = 0.583; 95% CI 0.501–0.679) from covid-19 in the adjusted analysis, as compared to unvaccinated patients.
CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals that immunization was effective in reducing the likelihood of death from covid-19. The results suggest that greater vaccination coverage in the first half of 2021 would prevent thousands of deaths in the country.

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Published

2024-03-04

Issue

Section

Original Articles

How to Cite

Fernandez, M., Figueiredo, A. M. de, Massuda, A., Medeiros Neto, A. H. de, & Carvalho, M. (2024). Immunization against covid-19 and mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort. Revista De Saúde Pública, 58(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2024058005476