Fragilidade e rede social entre adultos brasileiros mais velhos: evidências do ELSI-Brasil

Karla Geovani Silva Marcelino; Luciana de Souza Braga; Fabiola Bof de Andrade; Karla Cristina Giacomin; Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa; Juliana Lustosa Torres

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2024058005525

Authors

Karla Geovani Silva Marcelino Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-6574
Luciana de Souza Braga Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4499-6316
Fabiola Bof de Andrade Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-3989
Karla Cristina Giacomin Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte. Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-6953
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-2980
Juliana Lustosa Torres Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-897X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2024058005525

Keywords:

Social Relations, Social Support, Frailty, Aging

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the elements of the social network associated with frailty syndrome in older Brazilian adults. METHODS: Baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2015–2016) were used. Frailty was defined by the Fried phenotype (unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slowness, and low level of physical activity). The social network was assessed using the conceptual model of Berkman and Krishna (social network structure, characteristics of social network ties, social support, and negative social interaction). Potential confounding variables included sociodemographic (age, sex, education, self-reported race, per capita family income, and place of residence) and health characteristics (polypharmacy, multimorbidity, depression, falls, hospitalization, and cognitive function). Analyses were based on multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 8,629 participants, 53.5% were pre-frail individuals and 9.1% were frail individuals. The elements of the social network that were consistently associated with pre-frailty and frailty were the following: characteristics of social network ties, social support, and negative social interaction. A positive association was found for less-than-weekly frequency of virtual contact with sons and daughters (OR = 1.15; 95%CI 1.01–1.33 for pre-frailty and OR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.13–2.02 for frailty) and for loneliness (OR = 1.36; 95%CI 1.19–1.56 for pre-frailty and OR = 1.40;95%CI 1.12–1.75 for frailty). A negative association was found for social support (help with loans) (OR = 0.75; 95%CI 0.60–0.94 for pre-frailty and OR = 0.54; 95%CI 0.40–0.74 for frailty). However, the perception of criticism was only associated with frailty (OR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.11–1.64). CONCLUSION: Social network is an important element for reducing/preventing frailty in older adults. Therefore, public policies and health and social assistance professionals should encompass the older adults’ social network regarding the characteristics of social network ties, social support, and negative social interaction.

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Frailty and social network among older Brazilian adults: evidence from ELSI-Brazil

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