Gender and education inequalities in dynapenia-free life expectancy: ELSI-Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004025Palabras clave:
Muscle Strength, Life Expectancy, Aging, Hand Strength, Socioeconomic Factors, Cross Sectional StudiesResumen
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the dynapenia-free life expectancy among community-dwelling older Brazilian adults and evaluate gender-related and educational differences. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. The data were obtained from the Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brazil – Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging), conducted from 2015 to 2016 in Brazil. Dynapenia is defined as low muscle strength (< 27kg for men and < 16kg for women), measured with a handgrip dynamometer. The dynapenia-free life expectancy was estimated using the Sullivan method based on the standard period life table and dynapenia prevalence, stratified by age groups, gender, and schooling. RESULTS: A total of 8,827 participants, aged 50 and over (53.3% women), were investigated. The prevalence of dynapenia was 17.7% among men and 18.5% among women. The women live longer and with more years free of dynapenia than men. Those in the higher education category (4 or more years) presented an advantage in the dynapenia-free life expectancy estimates. Conclusions – The results of this study suggest the substantial impact of dynapenia on longer dynapenia-free life expectancy among older people. Understanding dynapenia prevalence and dynapenia-free life expectancy could assist in predicting care needs, as well as targeting efforts to delay the onset of complications related to it at older ages. Without the implementation of policy regarding dynapenia prevention, inequalities in health due to gender and socioeconomic status may continue to increase.
Referencias
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Commission on Population and Development. New York; 2021 [cited 2021 Jun 5]. Available from: https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects -20219. New York; 2019 [cited 2019 Jul 10]. Available from: https://population.un.org/wpp/
Cantu PA, Sheehan CM, Sasson I, Hayward MD. Increasing education-based disparities in healthy life expectancy among U.S. Non-Hispanic Whites, 2000–2010. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2021;76(2):319-29. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz145
Chirinda W, Chen H. Comparative study of disability-free life expectancy across six low- and middle-income countries. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017;17(4):637-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12748
Matsuyama S, Murakami Y, Lu Y, Sone T, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I. Association between social participation and disability-free life expectancy in Japanese older people: the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study. J Epidemiol. 2021 Mar 27. https://doi.org/ 10.2188/jea.JE20200574. Epub ahead of print
Campolina AG, Adami F, Santos JLF, Lebrão ML. Effect of the elimination of chronic diseases on disability-free life expectancy among elderly individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2010. Cienc Saude Colet. 2014;19(8):3327-34. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014198.06952013
Prina AM, Wu YT, Kralj C, Acosta D, Acosta I, Guerra M, et al. Dependence- and disability-free life expectancy across eight low- and middle-income countries: a 10/66 study. J Aging Health. 2020;32(5-6):401-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264319825767
Shrestha LB. Population aging in developing countries. Health Aff (Millwood). 2000;19(3):204-12. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.19.3.204
Clark BC, Manini TM. Sarcopenia ≠ Dynapenia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63(8):829-34. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/63.8.829
Ling CHY, Gussekloo J, Trompet S, Meskers CGM, Maier AB. Clinical determinants of low handgrip strength and its decline in the oldest old: the Leiden 85-plus Study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(5):1307-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01639-4
Montes MC, Bortolotto CC, Tomasi E, Gonzalez MC, Barbosa-Silva TG, Domingues MR, et al. Strength and multimorbidity among community-dwelling elderly from southern Brazil. Nutrition. 2020;71:110636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.110636
Borges VS, Lima-Costa MFF, Andrade FB. A nationwide study on prevalence and factors associated with dynapenia in older adults: ELSI-Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2020;36(4):e00107319. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00107319
Cheval B, Boisgontier MP, Orsholits D, Sieber S, Guessous I, Gabriel R, et al. Association of early- and adult-life socioeconomic circumstances with muscle strength in older age. Age Ageing. 2018;47(3):398-407. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy003
Duchowny KA, Clarke PJ, Peterson MD. Muscle weakness and physical disability in older Americans: longitudinal findings from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(4):501-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-017-0951-y
Alexandre TS, Scholes S, Santos JLF, Duarte YAO, Oliveira C. Dynapenic abdominal obesity increases mortality risk among English and Brazilian older adults: a 10-Year follow-up of the ELSA and SABE studies. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(1):138-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-017-0966-4
Moreland JD, Richardson JA, Goldsmith CH, Clase CM. muscle weakness and falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(7):1121-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52310.x
Scott D, Daly RM, Sanders KM, Ebeling PR. Fall and fracture risk in sarcopenia and dynapenia with and without obesity: the role of lifestyle interventions. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2015;13(4):235-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-015-0274-z
Sui SX, Williams LJ, Holloway-Kew KL, Hyde NK, Anderson KB, Tembo MC, et al. Skeletal muscle density and cognitive function: a cross-sectional study in men. Calcif Tissue Int. 2021;108(2):165-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-020-00759-3
Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(1):72-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/61.1.72
Murray CJL, Salomon JA, Mathers C. A critical examination of summary measures of population health. Bull World Health Organ. 2000 [cited 2021 Jun 5];78(8):981-94. Available from: https://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper02.pdf
Lima-Costa MF, Andrade FB, Souza Jr PRB de, Neri AL, Duarte YAO, Castro-Costa E, et al. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil): objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(7):1345-53. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx387
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Aging; 2019;48(4):601. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz046
Dodds RM, Syddall HE, Cooper R, Benzeval M, Deary IJ, Dennison EM, et al. Grip strength across the life course: normative data from twelve British studies. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e113637. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113637
Camargos MCS, Gonzaga MR, Costa JV, Bomfim WC. Estimativas de expectativa de vida livre de incapacidade funcional para Brasil e Grandes Regiões, 1998 e 2013. Cienc Saude Colet. 2019;24(3):737-47. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018243.07612017
Jagger C, Cox B, Le Roy S; the EHEMU Team. Health expectancy calculation by the Sullivan Method: a practical guide. 3. ed. Montpellier (FR): European Health Expectancy Monitoring Unit; 2006. (EHEMU Technical Report 2006).
Freedman VA, Wolf DA, Spillman BC. Disability-free life expectancy over 30 years: a growing female disadvantage in the US population. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(6):1079-85. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303089
Santosa A, Schröders J, Vaezghasemi M, Ng N. Inequality in disability-free life expectancies among older men and women in six countries with developing economies. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2016;(9):855-61. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-206640
Taekema DG, Gussekloo J, Maier AB, Westendorp RGJ, Craen AJM. Handgrip strength as a predictor of functional, psychological and social health. A prospective population-based study among the oldest old. Age Ageing. 2010;39(3):331-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq022
World Health Organization. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva (CH): WHO; 2009 [cited 2021 Jun 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GlobalHealthRisks_report_full.pdf
Chiu C-T. Living arrangements and disability-free life expectancy in the United States. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211894. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211894
Solé-Auró A, Beltrán-Sánchez H, Crimmins EM. Are differences in disability-free life expectancy by gender, race, and education widening at older ages? Popul Res Policy Rev. 2015;34(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-014-9337-6
Valverde JR, Mackenbach J, Bopp M, Brønnum-Hansen H, Deboosere P, Kalediene R, et al. Determinants of educational inequalities in disability-free life expectancy between ages 35 and 80 in Europe. SSM Popul Health. 2021;13:100740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100740
Martin LG, Schoeni RF. Trends in disability and related chronic conditions among the forty-and-over population: 1997-2010. Disabil Health J. 2014;7(1 Suppl):S4-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2013.06.007
Moreno X, Lera L, Moreno F, Albala C. Socioeconomic inequalities in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy among Chilean older adults: evidence from a longitudinal study. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21:176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02126-9
Williams DR, Collins C. US Socioeconomic and racial differences in health: patterns and explanations. Annu Rev Sociol. 1995;21:349-86. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.21.080195.002025
Harper S. Economic and social implications of aging societies. Science. 2014;346(6209):587-91. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1254405
Mathers CD, Robine JM. How good is Sullivan’s method for monitoring changes in population health expectancies? J Epidemiol Community Health. 1997;51(1):80-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.51.1.80
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Viviane Santos Borges, Mirela Castro Santos Camargos, Fabíola Bof de Andrade
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Cómo citar
Datos de los fondos
-
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Números de la subvención 307879/2019-4
