Efeitos do treinamento físico específico nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias e metabólicas em repouso e no exercício máximo em jogadores de futebol profissional
Palavras-chave:
Treinamento Físico, Futebol, Frequência Cardíaca, Pressão ArterialResumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as alterações provocadas pelo treinamento físico específico (TFE) nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias e metabólicas de 16 jogadores de futebol profissional, com média de idade de 24,2 ± 3,6 anos. Todos os atletas foram avaliados antes e depois de quinze semanas de um programa de TFE, durante período competitivo. Os futebolistas foram submetidos a teste máximo em esteira rolante, utilizando-se o protocolo de Ellestad. A resposta de freqüência cardíaca (FC) foi registrada por meio de um eletrocardiógrafo de 3 derivações simultâneas e a pressão arterial (PA), por meio de método auscultatório. A ventilação pulmonar (VE), o consumo de oxigênio (VO2), a produção de dióxido de carbono (VCO2) e a razão de troca respiratória (RER) foram calculados a partir de valores medidos por um sistema espirométrico computadorizado (BECKMAN) e a capacidade anaeróbia máxima, por meio da concentração sanguínea de ácido lático, utilizando-se analisador automático. O TFE não modificou significativamente a FC máxima (192 ± 8 versus 186 ± 6 bpm) e a PA sistólica máxima (196 ± 10 versus 198 ± 8 mmHg). A resposta ventilatória máxima foi significativamente aumentada (129 ± 19 versus 140 ± 16 L .min-1 [p< 0.05]), enquanto a capacidade aeróbia máxima não foi significativamente modificada (50,0 ± 6,0 vs 53,0 ± 5,0 ml.kg.-1min-1) por esse treinamento. Ao contrário, a capacidade anaeróbia máxima aumentou significativamente (8,3 ± 0,2 versus 9,8 ± 2,4 mmol. L-1 [p< 0,05]). Concluiu-se: 1) O TFE não modificou as respostas de FC e PA no repouso e no exercício máximo; 2) A maior VE no exercício máximo associada a elevada concentração sanguínea de ácido lático demonstraram que o TFE utilizado nesse estudo foi caracterizado por exercícios predominantemente intensos e 3) O TFE não representou estímulo adequado para aumentar a capacidade aeróbia máxima dos futebolistas.
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