The uses of the concept of indigenization in French museums

Authors

  • Mélanie Roustan Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle
  • Regiane Queiroz Theyss Sem registro de afiliação

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2023.200445

Keywords:

museum, politics, postcolonial, restitution, Maori, indigenization

Abstract

If we consider the global movement to decolonize museology thought, how to explain that some institutions use the concept of indigenization as a unifying principle, whereas others have purposefully neglected it? This article situates and analyzes the French case in the proposed theme. After analyzing the context – the reconfiguration of ethnographic museums and the re-evaluation of their collections –, we then develop a critical analysis of the paths chosen: collaborative museology, restitution of human remains, and valorization of contemporary arts. We, then, consider the example of the approach to Maori culture by the Quai Branly Museum, and the repatriation of mummified tattooed heads by France to New Zealand, as an axis for reflections on the impacts of the concept of “indigenization” on French museums. The conclusion makes some assumptions about the French reluctance – or resistance? – regarding the new transnational logics related to the indigenization context; and questions the actions of French museums regarding colonial legacies, and their role in preserving material relationships with the sacred.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Mélanie Roustan, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle

    Mélanie Roustan is a lecturer at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, member of UMR 208 Local Heritage and Governance (Paloc, IRD-MNHN). She teaches public studies in the master's degree in museology. His research focuses on an anthropology of material culture and the museum, through a study of the reception of exhibitions, the mutation of professions, the history of collections. Her current projects focus on indigenous issues and zoos.

  • Regiane Queiroz Theyss, Sem registro de afiliação

    Bachelor of Applied Science Research Associate at In Sustainability, France

References

Asad, T. (Ed.). 1973. Anthropology and the colonial encounter. Ithaca Press, Londres.

Battiste, M.; Henderson, J.Y. 2000. Protecting indigenous knowledge and heritage: a global challenge. Purich Publishing, Saskatoon.

Bell, C.; Napoleon, V. (Eds.). 2008. First nations cultu­ral heritage and law: case studies, voices, and perspectives. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver.

Bellier, I. 2006. Identité globali­sée et droits collectifs: les enjeux des peuples autochtones dans la constellation onusienne. Autrepart 38: 99-118.

Blanckaert, C. (Ed.). 2013. La Vénus hottentote: entre Barnum et Muséum. French National Museum Natural History, Paris.

Bondaz, J. 2011. Paroles d’au­tochtones et objets de musées. Les Cahiers du musée des Confluences 8 : 95-105.

Cadot, L. 2007. Les restes humains: une gageure pour les musées? La Lettre de l’OCIM 15: 4-15.

Clifford, J.; Marcus, G.E. (Eds.). 1986. Writing culture: the poetics and politics of ethnography. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Clifford, J. 1988. The predicament of culture: twentieth century eth­nography, literature, and art. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

Clifford, J. 2013. Returns: becoming indigenous in the twenty-first Century. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

Cornu, M.; Renold, M.-A. 2009. Le renouveau des restitutions de biens culturels: les modes alter­natifs de règlement des litiges. Journal du Droit International 2, 493-533.

Côté, M. (Ed.). 2011. La fabrique du musée de sciences et sociétés. La Documentation française/Musées-Mondes, Paris.

Debary, O.; Roustan, M. 2012. Voyage au musée du Quai Branly: une anthropologie de la visite du plateau des collections. La Documentation française/Musées-Mondes, Paris.

Descola, P. 2005. Par-delà nature et culture. Gallimard, Paris.

Desvallées, A. 2007. Quai Branly: un miroir aux alouettes? L’Harmattan, Paris.

Dias, N. 2015. From French Indo­china and back again: the circulation of objects, people, and information, 1900-1932. Museum & Society 13: 7-21.

Dubuc, É.; Turgeon, L. 2004. Musées et premières nations: la trace du passé, l’empreinte du futur. Anthropologie et Sociétés 28: 7-18.

Esquerre, A. 2011. Les Os, les cendres et l’État. Fayard, Paris.

Forde, C.; Hubert, J.; Turnbull, P. (Eds.). 2002. The dead and their possessions: repatriation in principle, policy, and practice. Routledge, Nova York; Londres.

Gagné, N. 2012. Affirmation et décolonisation: la cérémonie de rapatriement par la France des toi moko à la Nouvelle-Zélande en perspective. Journal de la société des océanistes 134: 5-24.

Gagné, N. 2013. Musées et restes humains: analyses comparées de cérémonies maories de rapatriement en sols québécois et français. Journal de la société des océanistes 136: 77-88.

Gagné, N.; Roustan, M. 2014. Accompagner les Taonga à travers le monde: une exposition maorie à Paris et à Québec (note de recherche). Anthropologie et Sociétés 38: 79-93.

Gagné, N.; Martin, T.; Salaün, M. (Eds.). 2009. Autochtonies: vues de France et du Québec. Presses de l’uni­versité Laval, Quebec.

Gonseth, M.-O., Hainard, J.; Kaehr, R. (Eds.). 1984. Le musée cannibale. MEN, Neuchâtel.

Jenkins, T. 2011. Contesting human remains in museum collections: the crisis of cultural authority. Routledge, Nova York.

Karp, I.; Lavine, S.D. (Eds.). 1991. Exhibiting cultures: the poetics and politics of museum display. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. 1998. Destination culture: tourism, museums, and heritage. University of California Press, Berkeley.

L’Estoile B. 2007. Le Goût des autres: de l’exposition coloniale aux arts premiers. Flammarion, Paris.

Le Moment du Quai Branly. 2007. Le Débat 147. Disponível em: https://bit.ly/3YSSqsg. Acesso em: 16 mar. 2023.

Marcus, G.E.; Fisher, M.J. 1986. Anthropology as cultural critique: an experimental moment in the human sciences. Chicago University Press, Chicago.

Mazé, C.; Poulard, F.; Ventura, C. (Eds.). 2013. Les musées d’ethnologie. culture, politique et changement institutionnel. Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, Paris.

McCarthy, C. 2007. Exhibiting Māori: a history of colonial cultures of display. Te Papa Press, Wellington.

McCarthy, C. 2011. Museums and Māori: heritage professionals, indigenous collections, current practice. Te Papa Press, Wellington.

Monjaret, A.; Roustan, M. 2012. Digestion patrimoniale: contestations autour d’un ancien musée des colonies à Paris. Civilisations 61: 23-24.

Monjaret, A.; Roustan, M.; Eidelman, J. 2005. Fin du musée national des arts d’Afrique et d’Océanie: un patrimoine revisité. Ethnologie française 4, 605-616.

Patin, C. 2013. Les vies postmortem de la “Vénus Hotten­tote”: muséologie et économies Morales. In: Blanckaert, C. (Ed.). La Vénus hottentot: entre Barnum et muséum. French National Museum Natural History, Paris, 65-165.

Patin, C. 2014. Les Restes humains dans les musées: anthropologie et histoire des collections françaises (XIXe-XXIe siècle). Thèse de doctorat. École des hautes Études em Sciences Sociales, Paris.

Peers, L.; Brown, A.K. (Eds.). 2003. Museums and source communities: A Routledge reader. Routledge, Nova York; Londres.

Perrone, F. 2015. La Muséologie collaborative en question: reconnaissance ou mythe du dialogue? Enquête à la galerie des Continents du muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Rouen: conception et réception. Dissertação de mestrado. Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris.

Phillips, R.B. 2011. Museum pieces: toward the indigenization of Canadian museums. McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal.

Price, S. 2007. Paris primitive: Jacques Chirac’s museum on the Quai Branly. Chicago University Press, Chicago.

Roustan, M. 2014. De l’adieu aux choses au retour des ancêtres: la remise par la France des têtes maories à la Nouvelle-Zélande. Socio-anthropologie 30: 183-198.

Roustan, M; Candito, N. 2009. L’Appropriation par les publics de l’exposition urbaine peuples autochtones des Amériques. Musée des Confluences, Lyon.

Roustan, M. 2016. Des usages de l’autochtonie dans les musées français. Culture & Musées 28: 151-175.

Simpson, M.G. 2001. Making representations: museums in the postcolonial era. Routledge, Nova York; Londres.

Smith, H. 2011b. Māori: leurs trésors ont une âme. Beauxart, Paris.

Smith, H. 2011a. E tū ake: Maori standing strong. Te Papa Press, Wellington.

Tythacott, L.; Arvanitis, K. (Eds.). 2014. Museums and restitution: new practices, new approaches. Ashgate Publishing, Surrey.

Vidal, F.; Dias, N. (Eds.). 2015. Endangerment, biodiversity and culture. Routledge, Londres.

Published

2023-05-12

How to Cite

ROUSTAN, Mélanie. The uses of the concept of indigenization in French museums. Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, São Paulo, Brasil, n. 40, p. 147–162, 2023. DOI: 10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2023.200445. Disponível em: https://periodicos.usp.br/revmae/article/view/200445.. Acesso em: 18 may. 2024.