Os asnos no período paleoassírio: animais indispensáveis à vida do mercador e ao funcionamento do comércio (Mesopotâmia, Idade do Bronze Médio)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2024.214400Palavras-chave:
Período Paleoassírio, Asnos, Comércio inter-regional, Aššur, KanešResumo
No início do II milênio AEC, o chamado período paleoassírio, a cidade de Aššur, no norte da Mesopotâmia, destacou-se como uma potência dentro de uma extensa rede de comércio de longa distância. Centenas de mercadores assírios e membros de suas famílias se aventuraram nas longínquas terras anatólias, sendo Kaneš seu principal destino, para comercializar estanho e tecido, e algumas vezes cobre e lã, em troca de metais preciosos como ouro e prata. O sucesso dessa empreitada em muito se deve ao uso dos asnos como animais de carga, que, organizados em caravanas, partiam da Mesopotâmia algumas vezes ao ano com destino a Anatólia central, onde tornar-se-iam, eles também, posteriormente mercadorias. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, por um lado, a importância fundamental dos asnos na organização do comércio de longa distância e, por outro, todo o trabalho envolvido em torno da seleção e cuidado deste animal. Para isso, propomos realizar uma revisão bibliográfica a partir do debate com a literatura existente em cotejo com a documentação encontrada no arquivo de um mercador assírio de nome Elamma. O trabalho com a documentação cuneiforme deste arquivo nos serve como estudo de caso e permitirá dimensionar a extensão da presença desses animais na vida de um mercador.
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Abreviações
ARM 26/2 = Charpin, D. Et al. 1988. Archives Royales de Maris 26. Archives Épistolaires de Mari I/2. Éditions Recherche sur le Civilisations, Paris.
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Kt k/k = tabletes provenientes das escavações do kārum Kaneš no ano de de 1959.
Kt m/k = tabletes provenientes das escavações do kārum Kaneš no ano de 1961.
KKS = Matouš, L.; Matoušová-Rajmová, M. 1984. Kappadokische Keilschrifttafeln mit Siegeln: aus den Sammlungen der Karlsuniversittä in Prag. Karlsuniversittä in Prag, Praga.
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