Fraude ou fiasco? Os Nove Livros de Φοινικικὰ (“Assuntos Fenícios”) de Fílon vis-à-vis a arqueologia mediterrânea e além: uma reavaliação há muito esperada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2024.223015Palavras-chave:
Arqueologia clássica, Arqueologia Mediterrânica, Fenícios, Helenismo, Idade do BronzeResumo
Algo revelador da sorte dos estudos fenícios no ambiente acadêmico europeio (até hoje) é a profusão do ceticismo com que a obra Φοινικικὰ (‘História Fenícia’) de Herênio Filo de Biblos se recebeu desde o início da sua publicação na Europa ocidental. As reservas sobre a historicidade das passagens de Fílo continuou durante séculos até que a oposição à autenticidade da obra histórica se reduziu somente após as escavações de Ugarit no início do século 20, as quais trouxeram as primeiras evidências independentes, fora das passagens da História Fenícia citadas na Preparatio Evagelica do Eusébio de Cesareia, que corroboraram informações fornecidas pelos excertos de Filo, especialmente sobre o panteão cananeu. Embora a pesquisa contemporânea tenha se concentrado no clima ehemerístico para o exame da obra de Filo, tendo sido relegada ao estudo da cultura literária helenística, seu valor para os estudos bíblicos e do Oriente Próximo, além de ser inestimável, se enfraqueceu desde as décadas anteriores. No presente caso, procuro reabilitar um manuscrito dos 9 Livros da História Fenícia de Fílo, publicado há quase dois séculos por Friedrich Wagenfeld em 1837. Demonstro, através de uma série de dados e argumentos, que o manuscrito contenido a obra inteira da História Fenícia era autêntico, demonstrando que o ceticismo era injustificado e que as escavações realizadas no Mediterrâneo oriental e ocidental desde então corroboram várias das informações oferecidas pela publição, mas não disponíveis para alguém vivendo na década de 1830. Algumas obras de Filo sobreviveram em pelo menos três manuscritos, nenhum dos quais foi estudado, reportados por diferentes indivíduos antes no ano 1836, um ano depois de Wagenfeld ter sido totalmente desacreditado como falsificador por seus pares, por motivos mesquinhos. O conteúdo do manuscrito contribui significativamente para o nosso conhecimento da história, cultura e literatura do mundo cananeio-fenício e seus vizinhos.
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Friedrich Wagenfeld: la vida breve de un lingüista brillante que falsificó la «primera historia de todos los tiempos. 2019. Perfil Formosa: https://perfilformosa.com/general/friedrich-wagenfeld-la-vida-breve-de-un-linguista-brillante-que-falsifico-la-primera-historia-de-todos-los-tiempos/
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