Galo-roman rural archaeology and modern ideology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2017.125984Keywords:
Roman Gaul, Peasantry, Rural Archaeology, Local markets, Regionalization.Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate recent historiographical representations of the late roman countryside in Gaul. With the growth and expansion of the studies on rural archaeology in recent times, models postulating economic and commercial growth in the rural areas of the empire progressively replaced the previously held idea of a decadent Roman empire. Taking into account the special case of Late Roman north Gaul, this paper will focus on the discussion of some of the methods of investigation in which are based the results of this recent trend of Rural Archaeology: the role of survey archaeology in the discovery of sub-villa sites and the interpretation of these sites as local markets. Those models of economic growth have appeared in the context of a return to the modernist perspective in the study of Ancient Economy, based mainly in the use of New Institutional Economics as theoretical framing. Having that in mind, I render as problematic both that framing of the archaeological data and the application of capitalist criteria of growth and development for the Ancient World. Moreover, I try to draw from those new studies suggestions on how to approach the archaeological data to create more complex and dynamic models of social and economic process than those the twentieth-century historiography offered to the understanding of Late Roman Gaul.
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References
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Bayard, D. (1998). La sigillé d’Argonne, un paramètre essentiel pour l’établissement de la chronologie du Ve siècle dans le Nord de la Gaule. In X. Delestre & P. Périn (Orgs.), La datation des structures et des objets du haut moyen âge. (p. 7–20). St-Germain-en-Laye: Association française d’archéologie mérovingienne.
Becker, Jeffrey A., & Terrenato, Nicola. Roman Republican Villas: Architecture, Context, and Ideology. University of Michigan Press, 2012.
Boito Jr, A. (2012). As bases políticas do neodesenvolvimentismo. Apresentado em Fórum Econômico da FGV, São Paulo.
Bowden, W., Lavan, L., & Machado, C. (2004). Recent Research on the Late Antique Countryside. BRILL.
Bowman, A., & Wilson, A. (2013). Introduction: Quantifying Roman Agriculture. In In: The Roman Agricultural Economy. Organization, investment and production (p. 1–32). Oxford: Oxford University.
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Brown, P. (1971). The World of Late Antiquity. London: Routledge.
Cameron, Averil. The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity: AD 395-700. London: Routledge, 1993.
Carrié, J.-M. (1982). Le “’colonat du Bas-Empire”’: un Mythe Historiographique? Opus, 351–371.
Carrié, J.-M. (1983). Un roman des origines: les généalogies du “’colonat du Bas-Empire”’. Opus, 205–51.
Carrié, Jean-Michel, & Rousselle, Aline. L’Empire romain mutation: des Sévères à Constantin, 192-337. Paris: Éd. du Seuil, 1999.
Chavarría, Alexandra, & Lewit, Tamara. “Archaeological research on late antique countryside: A bibliographical essay.” In: Bowden, William., Lavan, Luke & Machado, Carlos A. R. Recent Research on the late antiquity Countryside. Leiden: Brill, 2004, p. 3–51.
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Février, P.-A. (1993). Le Gallie meridionali. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 405–427). Torino: Einaudi.
Finley, M. I. (1999). Ancient Economy. Berkeley: University of California.
Foucray, B. (1997). La Circulation Monétaire dans les Campagnes de l’Antiquitité Tardive: l’exemple francilien. In P. Ouzolias & P. Van Ossel, Les campagnes de I’lle de france de Constantin à Clovis. Colloque de Paris. Raports et synthèses de la Deuxième Journée. Document de travail, III (p. 42–49). Paris.
Ghedini, F. (1993). L’Africa Proconsulare. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 309–325). Torino: Einaudi.
Giardina, A. (2007). Marxism and Historiography: Perspectives on Roman History. In C. Wickham (Org.), Marxist History-writing for the Twenty-first Century. Oxford: Oxford University.
Gonçalves, R. (2012). Governo Lula e o nacionaldesenvolvimentismo às avessas. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Economia Política, (31), 5–30.
Grey, C. (2011). Constructing Communities in the Late Roman Countryside. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Heather, P. (2006). The Fall of the roman Empire. A new History of Rome and the barbarians. Oxford: Oxford University.
Horden, P., & Purcell, N. (2000). The Corrupting Sea. A study of Mediterranean History. Oxford: Blackwell.
Leveau, P. (2007). The Western Provinces. In W. Scheidel, I. Morris, & R. Saller (Orgs.), The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. (p. 651–670). Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Liebeschuetz. “Was There a Crisis of the Third Century?” In: Hekster, Olivier. & De Kleijn, Gerda. & Slootjes, Daniëlle. Crises and the Roman Empire: Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire, Nijmegen, June 20-24, 2006. Leiden: Brill, 2007, p. 11–20.
Louis, E. (2004). A De-romanized Landscape in Northern Gaul: the Scarpe Valley form the 4th to the 9th century AD. In W. Bowden, L. Lavan, & C. Machado (Orgs.), Recent Research on the Late Antique Countryside (p. 479–504). Leiden: BRILL.
MacGaw, C. G. (2012). Capitalismo romano, modernismo e marxismo. A propósito de algumas ideias sobre o trabalho assalariado. História & Luta de Classes, 14, 23–27.
Matthews, J. F. (1990). Western aristocracies and imperial court. AD 364-425. Oxford: Oxford University.
Mattingly, D. J., & Hitchner, B. (1995). Africa: an Archaeological Review. The Journal of Roman Studies, 165–213.
Morley, Neville. Theories, Models, and Concepts in Ancient History. London: Routledge, 2004.
North, Douglass C. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Ouzolias, P., & Van Ossel, P. (1997). Les campagnes de I’lle de france de Constantin à Clovis. Colloque de Paris. Raports et synthèses de la Deuxième Journée. Document de travail, III. Paris.
Ouzolias, P., & Van Ossel, P. (2000). Rural Settlement economy in northern Gaul in the Late Empire: an overview and assessment. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 13, 133–160.
Redknap, M. (1988). Medieval pottery production at Mayen. In D. R. M. et al Gaimster (Org.), Zur Keramik des Mittelalters und der beginnenden Neuzeit im Rheinland (p. 3–37). Oxford: BAR I 440.
Saller, R. (2005). Framing the Debate over Growth in the Ancient Economy. In I. Morris & J. G. Manning, The Ancient Economy. Evidence and Models (p. 223–238). Stanford: Stanford Univesity.
Scheidel, W., Morris, I., & Saller, R. (Orgs.). (2007). The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Schiavone, A. (2005). Uma História Rompida. Roma Antiga e Ocidente Moderno. São Paulo: Edusp.
Staerman, E. M. (1980). La caída del regimen esclavista. In C. Estepa (Org.), La transición del esclavismo al feudalismo (p. 59–107). Madrid: Akal.
Tuffi, S. R. (1993). Le Gallie Setentrionali. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 429–441). Torino: Einaudi.
Van Ossel, P. (2006). Rural Impoverishment in Northern Gaul at the End of Antiquity: The Contribution of Archaeology. In W. Bowden, L. Lavan, & C. Machado (Orgs.), Social and Political Life in Late Antiquity (p. 534–565). Leiden: Brill.
Vera, D. (1986). Forme e Funzioni della Rendita Fondiaria nella Tarda Antiquità. In A. Giardina (Org.), Societá Romana e Impero TardoAntico. Instituzioni, Ceti, Economie. (Vol. I, p. 367–447). Roma-Bari: Laterza.
Ward-Perkins, B. (2000). Land, Laborand Settlement. In A. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins, & M. Whitby (Orgs.), The Cambridge Ancient History. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors A.D. 425-600 (Vol. XIV, p. 315–345).
Ward-Perkins, B. (2005). The Fall of Rome: and the end of civilization. Oxford: Oxford University.
Wickham, C. (2005). Framing the Early Middle Ages. Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800. Oxford: Oxford Univesity.
Wightman, E. M. (1978). Peasants and Potentates: An investigation of Social Structure and Land Tenure in Roman Gaul. AJAH, 97–128.
Arce, J. (1993). La Penisola Iberica. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 379–403). Torino: Einaudi.
Banaji, J. (2007). Agrarian Change in Late Antiquity. Gold, Labour, and Aristocratic Dominance. Oxford: Oxford University.
Bagnall, R. S. (2005). Evidence and Models for the Economy of Roman Egypt. In I. Morris & J. G. Manning, The Ancient Economy. Evidence and Models (p. 187–204). Stanford: Stanford Univesity.
Bang, P. F. (2009). The Ancient Economy and New Institutional Economic. Journal of Roman Studies, 99, 194–206.
Bayard, D. (1998). La sigillé d’Argonne, un paramètre essentiel pour l’établissement de la chronologie du Ve siècle dans le Nord de la Gaule. In X. Delestre & P. Périn (Orgs.), La datation des structures et des objets du haut moyen âge. (p. 7–20). St-Germain-en-Laye: Association française d’archéologie mérovingienne.
Becker, Jeffrey A., & Terrenato, Nicola. Roman Republican Villas: Architecture, Context, and Ideology. University of Michigan Press, 2012.
Boito Jr, A. (2012). As bases políticas do neodesenvolvimentismo. Apresentado em Fórum Econômico da FGV, São Paulo.
Bowden, W., Lavan, L., & Machado, C. (2004). Recent Research on the Late Antique Countryside. BRILL.
Bowman, A., & Wilson, A. (2013). Introduction: Quantifying Roman Agriculture. In In: The Roman Agricultural Economy. Organization, investment and production (p. 1–32). Oxford: Oxford University.
Bresser-Pereira, Luiz Carlos. (2015) Reflecting on new developmentalism and classical developmentalism. Disponível em: http://www.bresserpereira.org.br/view.asp?cod=5946 Acessado em 10/07/2015
Brown, P. (1971). The World of Late Antiquity. London: Routledge.
Cameron, Averil. The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity: AD 395-700. London: Routledge, 1993.
Carrié, J.-M. (1982). Le “’colonat du Bas-Empire”’: un Mythe Historiographique? Opus, 351–371.
Carrié, J.-M. (1983). Un roman des origines: les généalogies du “’colonat du Bas-Empire”’. Opus, 205–51.
Carrié, Jean-Michel, & Rousselle, Aline. L’Empire romain mutation: des Sévères à Constantin, 192-337. Paris: Éd. du Seuil, 1999.
Chavarría, Alexandra, & Lewit, Tamara. “Archaeological research on late antique countryside: A bibliographical essay.” In: Bowden, William., Lavan, Luke & Machado, Carlos A. R. Recent Research on the late antiquity Countryside. Leiden: Brill, 2004, p. 3–51.
Dossey, L. (2010). Peasant and Empire in Christian North Africa. Berkeley: University of California.
Dyson, S. L. (2003). The Roman countryside. London: Duckworth.
De Blois, Lukas. “The Crisis of the Third Century A.D. in the Roman Empire: A Modern Myth?” In: De Blois, Lukas & Rich, John. The Transformation of Economic Life Under the Roman Empire: Proceedings of the Second Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, C. 200 B.C. - A.D. 476), Nottingham, July 4-7, 2001. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 2002, p. 204–217.
Zuiderhoek, Arjan. “Introduction. Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World in Historiographical and Theoretical Perspective”. In: Erdkamp, Paul., Verboven, Koenraad, & Zuiderhoek, Arjan. Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, p.1-48 .
Fentress, E. (1993). La Numidia. In A. (org). Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 351–362). Torino: Einaudi.
Février, P.-A. (1993). Le Gallie meridionali. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 405–427). Torino: Einaudi.
Finley, M. I. (1999). Ancient Economy. Berkeley: University of California.
Foucray, B. (1997). La Circulation Monétaire dans les Campagnes de l’Antiquitité Tardive: l’exemple francilien. In P. Ouzolias & P. Van Ossel, Les campagnes de I’lle de france de Constantin à Clovis. Colloque de Paris. Raports et synthèses de la Deuxième Journée. Document de travail, III (p. 42–49). Paris.
Ghedini, F. (1993). L’Africa Proconsulare. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 309–325). Torino: Einaudi.
Giardina, A. (2007). Marxism and Historiography: Perspectives on Roman History. In C. Wickham (Org.), Marxist History-writing for the Twenty-first Century. Oxford: Oxford University.
Gonçalves, R. (2012). Governo Lula e o nacionaldesenvolvimentismo às avessas. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Economia Política, (31), 5–30.
Grey, C. (2011). Constructing Communities in the Late Roman Countryside. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Heather, P. (2006). The Fall of the roman Empire. A new History of Rome and the barbarians. Oxford: Oxford University.
Horden, P., & Purcell, N. (2000). The Corrupting Sea. A study of Mediterranean History. Oxford: Blackwell.
Leveau, P. (2007). The Western Provinces. In W. Scheidel, I. Morris, & R. Saller (Orgs.), The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. (p. 651–670). Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Liebeschuetz. “Was There a Crisis of the Third Century?” In: Hekster, Olivier. & De Kleijn, Gerda. & Slootjes, Daniëlle. Crises and the Roman Empire: Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire, Nijmegen, June 20-24, 2006. Leiden: Brill, 2007, p. 11–20.
Louis, E. (2004). A De-romanized Landscape in Northern Gaul: the Scarpe Valley form the 4th to the 9th century AD. In W. Bowden, L. Lavan, & C. Machado (Orgs.), Recent Research on the Late Antique Countryside (p. 479–504). Leiden: BRILL.
MacGaw, C. G. (2012). Capitalismo romano, modernismo e marxismo. A propósito de algumas ideias sobre o trabalho assalariado. História & Luta de Classes, 14, 23–27.
Matthews, J. F. (1990). Western aristocracies and imperial court. AD 364-425. Oxford: Oxford University.
Mattingly, D. J., & Hitchner, B. (1995). Africa: an Archaeological Review. The Journal of Roman Studies, 165–213.
Morley, Neville. Theories, Models, and Concepts in Ancient History. London: Routledge, 2004.
North, Douglass C. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Ouzolias, P., & Van Ossel, P. (1997). Les campagnes de I’lle de france de Constantin à Clovis. Colloque de Paris. Raports et synthèses de la Deuxième Journée. Document de travail, III. Paris.
Ouzolias, P., & Van Ossel, P. (2000). Rural Settlement economy in northern Gaul in the Late Empire: an overview and assessment. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 13, 133–160.
Redknap, M. (1988). Medieval pottery production at Mayen. In D. R. M. et al Gaimster (Org.), Zur Keramik des Mittelalters und der beginnenden Neuzeit im Rheinland (p. 3–37). Oxford: BAR I 440.
Saller, R. (2005). Framing the Debate over Growth in the Ancient Economy. In I. Morris & J. G. Manning, The Ancient Economy. Evidence and Models (p. 223–238). Stanford: Stanford Univesity.
Scheidel, W., Morris, I., & Saller, R. (Orgs.). (2007). The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Schiavone, A. (2005). Uma História Rompida. Roma Antiga e Ocidente Moderno. São Paulo: Edusp.
Staerman, E. M. (1980). La caída del regimen esclavista. In C. Estepa (Org.), La transición del esclavismo al feudalismo (p. 59–107). Madrid: Akal.
Tuffi, S. R. (1993). Le Gallie Setentrionali. In A. (org) Schiavone (Org.), Storia di Roma. vol. III: L’Eta tardoantica pt. II: I luoghi e le culture. (p. 429–441). Torino: Einaudi.
Van Ossel, P. (2006). Rural Impoverishment in Northern Gaul at the End of Antiquity: The Contribution of Archaeology. In W. Bowden, L. Lavan, & C. Machado (Orgs.), Social and Political Life in Late Antiquity (p. 534–565). Leiden: Brill.
Vera, D. (1986). Forme e Funzioni della Rendita Fondiaria nella Tarda Antiquità. In A. Giardina (Org.), Societá Romana e Impero TardoAntico. Instituzioni, Ceti, Economie. (Vol. I, p. 367–447). Roma-Bari: Laterza.
Ward-Perkins, B. (2000). Land, Laborand Settlement. In A. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins, & M. Whitby (Orgs.), The Cambridge Ancient History. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors A.D. 425-600 (Vol. XIV, p. 315–345).
Ward-Perkins, B. (2005). The Fall of Rome: and the end of civilization. Oxford: Oxford University.
Wickham, C. (2005). Framing the Early Middle Ages. Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800. Oxford: Oxford Univesity.
Wightman, E. M. (1978). Peasants and Potentates: An investigation of Social Structure and Land Tenure in Roman Gaul. AJAH, 97–128.
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SILVA, Uiran Gebara da. Galo-roman rural archaeology and modern ideology. Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, São Paulo, Brasil, n. 28, 2017. DOI: 10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2017.125984. Disponível em: https://periodicos.usp.br/revmae/article/view/125984.. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2024.
